曝光臺 注意防騙 網(wǎng)曝天貓店富美金盛家居專營店坑蒙拐騙欺詐消費(fèi)者

(See FIG ENR 1.5−11.)
11.4Straight−In Minimums are shown on the IAP
when the final approach course is within 30 degrees
of the runway alignment (15 degrees for GPS IAPs)
and a normal descent can be made from the IFR
altitude shown on the IAP to the runway surface.
When either the normal rate of descent or the runway
alignment factor of 30 degrees (15 degrees for GPS
IAPs) is exceeded, a straight−in minimum is not
published and a circling minimum applies. The fact
that a straight−in minimum is not published does not
preclude pilots from landing straight−in if they have
the active runway in sight and have sufficient time to
make a normal approach for landing. Under such
conditions and when ATC has cleared them for
landing on that runway, pilots are not expected to
circle even though only circling minimums are
published. If they desire to circle, they should advise
ATC.
ENR 1.5−18 AIP
15 MAR 07 United States of America
Nineteenth Edition Federal Aviation Administration
11.5Side−Step Maneuver Minimums.Landing
minimums for a side−step maneuver to the adjacent
runway will normally be higher than the minimums
to the primary runway.
11.6Circling Minimums.In some busy terminal
areas, ATC may not allow circling and circling
minimums will not be published. Published circling
minimums provide obstacle clearance when pilots
remain within the appropriate area of protection.
Pilots should remain at or above the circling altitude
until the aircraft is continuously in a position from
which a descent to a landing on the intended runway
can be made at a normal rate of descent using normal
maneuvers. Circling may require maneuvers at low
altitude, at low airspeed, and in marginal weather
conditions. Pilots must use sound judgment, have an
in−depth knowledge of their capabilities, and fully
understand the aircraft performance to determine the
exact circling maneuver since weather, unique airport
design, and the aircraft position, altitude, and
airspeed must all be considered. The following basic
rules apply:
11.6.1Maneuver the shortest path to the base or
downwind leg, as appropriate, considering existing
weather conditions. There is no restriction from
passing over the airport or other runways.
11.6.2It should be recognized that circling maneuvers
may be made while VFR or other flying is in
progress at the airport. Standard left turns or specific
instruction from the controller for maneuvering must
be considered when circling to land.
11.6.3At airports without a control tower, it may be
desirable to fly over the airport to observe wind and
turn indicators and other traffic which may be on the
runway or flying in the vicinity of the airport.
11.7Instrument Approaches at a Military Field.
When instrument approaches are conducted by civil
aircraft at military airports, they shall be conducted in
accordance with the procedures and minimums
approved by the military agency having jurisdiction
over the airport.
12. Instrument Approach Procedure Charts
12.114 CFR Section 91.175(a), Instrument approaches
to civil airports, requires the use of SIAP’s
prescribed for the airport in 14 CFR Part 97 unless
otherwise authorized by the Administrator (including
ATC). If there are military procedures published at a
civil airport, aircraft operating under 14CFR Part91
must use the civil procedure(s). Civil procedures are
defined with FAA" in parenthesis; e.g., (FAA), at the
top, center of the procedure chart. DOD procedures
are defined using the abbreviation of the applicable
military service in parenthesis; e.g., (USAF), (USN),
(USA). 14 CFR Section 91.175(g), Military airports,
requires civil pilots flying into or out of military
airports to comply with the IAP’s and takeoff and
landing minimums prescribed by the authority
having jurisdiction at those airports. Unless an
emergency exists, civil aircraft operating at military
airports normally require advance authorization,
commonly referred to as Prior Permission Required"
or PPR." Information on obtaining a PPR for
a particular military airport can be found in the
Airport/Facility Directory.
NOTE−
Civil aircraft may conduct practice VFR approaches using
DOD instrument approach procedures when approved by
the air traffic controller.
12.1.1IAPs (standard and special, civil and military)
are based on joint civil and military criteria contained
in the U.S. Standard for TERPS. The design of IAPs
　
中國航空網(wǎng) m.k6050.com
航空翻譯 www.aviation.cn
本文鏈接地址：AIP航行情報匯編2(80)