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to be made at the discretion of the pilot. However,
once the pilot starts descent and verbally reports
leaving an altitude in the block, the pilot may not
return to that altitude without additional ATC
clearance.
27.3.1.5Holding Instructions
a)Whenever an aircraft is cleared to a fix other
than the destination airport and delay is expected, it
is the responsibility of the ATC controller to issue
complete holding instructions (unless the pattern is
charted), an EFC time, and a best estimate of any
additional en route/terminal delay.
b)If the holding pattern is charted and the
controller doesn’t issue complete holding instructions,
the pilot is expected to hold as depicted on the
appropriate chart. When the pattern is charted, the
controller may omit all holding instructions except
the charted holding direction and the statement AS
PUBLISHED;" e.g., HOLD EAST AS PUBLISHED."
Controllers shall always issue complete
holding instructions when pilots request them.
NOTE−
Only those holding patterns depicted on U.S. government
or commercially produced charts which meet FAA
requirements should be used.
c) If no holding pattern is charted and holding
instructions have not been issued, the pilot should ask
ATC for holding instructions prior to reaching the fix.
This procedure will eliminate the possibility of an
aircraft entering a holding pattern other than that
desired by ATC. If unable to obtain holding
instructions prior to reaching the fix (due to
frequency congestion, stuck microphones, etc.), hold
in a standard pattern on the course on which you
approached the fix and request further clearance as
soon as possible. In this event, the altitude/flight level
of the aircraft at the clearance limit will be protected
so that separation will be provided as required.
d)When an aircraft is 3 minutes or less from a
clearance limit and a clearance beyond the fix has not
been received, the pilot is expected to start a speed
reduction so that the aircraft will cross the fix,
initially, at or below the maximum holding airspeed.
e)When no delay is expected, the controller
should issue a clearance beyond the fix as soon as
possible and, whenever possible, at least 5 minutes
before the aircraft reaches the clearance limit.
f)Pilots should report to ATC the time and
altitude/flight level at which the aircraft reaches the
clearance limit and report leaving the clearance limit.
NOTE−
In the event of two−way communications failure, pilots are
required to comply with 14 CFR Section 91.185.
27.4Amended Clearances
27.4.1Amendments to the initial clearance will be
issued at any time an air traffic controller deems such
action necessary to avoid possible confliction
between aircraft. Clearances will require that a flight
hold" or change altitude prior to reaching the point
where standard separation from other IFR traffic
would no longer exist.
NOTE−
Some pilots have questioned this action and requested
traffic information" and were at a loss when the reply
indicated no traffic reported." In such cases the
controller has taken action to prevent a traffic confliction
which would have occurred at a distant point.
AIP ENR 1.1−25
United States of America 15 MAR 07
Federal Aviation Administration Nineteenth Edition
27.4.2A pilot may wish an explanation of the
handling of the flight at the time of occurrence;
however, controllers are not able to take time from
their immediate control duties, nor can they afford to
overload the ATC communications channels to
furnish explanations. Pilots may obtain an explanation
by directing a letter or telephone call to the chief
controller of the facility involved.
27.4.3Pilots have the privilege of requesting a
different clearance from that which has been issued
by ATC if they feel that they have information which
would make another course of action more
practicable or if aircraft equipment limitations or
company procedures forbid compliance with the
clearance issued.
27.4.4Pilots should pay particular attention to the
clearance and not assume that the route and
altitude/flight level are the same as requested in the
flight plan. It is suggested that pilots make a written
report of clearances at the time they are received, and
verify, by a repeat back, any portions that are complex
or about which a doubt exists. It will be the
responsibility of each pilot to accept or refuse the
clearance issued.
27.5Special VFR Clearance
　
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