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constraints.
9.2.2 RNP Parallel Approach (RPA) Operations.
RNP SAAAR procedures can be used for parallel
approaches where the runway separation is adequate
(See FIG ENR 1.5−7). Parallel approach procedures
can be used either simultaneously or as stand−alone
operations. They may be part of either independent or
dependent operations depending on the ATC ability
to provide radar monitoring.
FIG ENR 1.5−7
9.2.3 RNP Parallel Approach Runway Transitions
(RPAT) Operations. RPAT approaches begin
as a parallel IFR approach operation using
simultaneous independent or dependent procedures.
(See FIG ENR 1.5−8). Visual separation standards
are used in the final segment of the approach after the
final approach fix, to permit the RPAT aircraft to
transition in visual conditions along a predefined
lateral and vertical path to align with the runway
centerline.
FIG ENR 1.5−8
31 JULY 08
ENR 1.5−14 AIP
15 MAR 07 United States of America
Nineteenth Edition Federal Aviation Administration
9.2.4 RNP Converging Runway Operations. At
airports where runways converge, but may or may not
intersect, an RNP SAAAR approach can provide a
precise curved missed approach path that conforms to
aircraft separation minimums for simultaneous
operations (See FIG ENR 1.5−9). By flying this
curved missed approach path with high accuracy and
containment provided by RNP, dual runway
operations may continue to be used to lower ceiling
and visibility values than currently available. This
type of operation allows greater capacity at airports
where it can be applied.
FIG ENR 1.5−9
10. Side−step Maneuver
10.1 ATC may authorize a standard instrument
approach procedure which serves either one of
parallel runways that are separated by 1,200 feet or
less followed by a straight-in landing on the adjacent
runway.
10.2 Aircraft that will execute a side-step maneuver
will be cleared for a specified approach procedure
and landing on the adjacent parallel runway.
Example, “cleared ILS runway 7 left approach,
side-step to runway 7 right.” Pilots are expected to
commence the side-step maneuver as soon as
possible after the runway or runway environment is
in sight.
NOTE−
Side−step minima are flown to a Minimum Descent Altitude
(MDA) regardless of the approach authorized.
10.3 Landing minimums to the adjacent runway will
be based on nonprecision criteria and therefore higher
than the precision minimums to the primary runway,
but will normally be lower than the published circling
minimums.
11. Approach and Landing Minimums
11.1 Landing Minimums. The rules applicable to
landing minimums are contained in 14 CFR
Section 91.175. TBL ENR 1.5−2 may be used to
convert RVR to ground or flight visibility. For
converting RVR values that fall between listed
values, use the next higher RVR value; do not
interpolate. For example, when converting
1800 RVR, use 2400 RVR with the resultant visibility
of 1/2 mile.
TBL ENR 1.5−2
RVR Value Conversions
RVR Visibility
(statute miles)
1600 1/4
2400 1/2
3200 5/8
4000 3/4
4500 7/8
5000 1
6000 1 1/4
AIP ENR 1.5−15
United States of America 15 MAR 07
Federal Aviation Administration Nineteenth Edition
11.1.1 Aircraft approach category means a grouping
of aircraft based on a speed of VREF, if specified, or
if VREF is not specified, 1.3 VSO at the maximum
certified landing weight. VREF, VSO, and the
maximum certified landing weight are those values
as established for the aircraft by the certification
authority of the country of registry. A pilot must use
the minima corresponding to the category determined
during certification or higher. Helicopters may use
Category A minima. If it is necessary to operate at a
speed in excess of the upper limit of the speed range
for an aircraft’s category, the minimums for the
higher category must be used. For example, an
airplane which fits into Category B, but is circling to
land at a speed of 145 knots, must use the approach
Category D minimums. As an additional example, a
Category A airplane (or helicopter) which is
operating at 130 knots on a straight−in approach must
use the approach Category C minimums. See the
following category limits:
11.1.1.1 Category A: Speed less than 91 knots.
11.1.1.2 Category B: Speed 91 knots or more but
less than 121 knots.
11.1.1.3 Category C: Speed 121 knots or more but
　
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