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azimuth of the runway centerline. For example,
where the magnetic azimuth is 183 degrees, the
runway designation would be 18; for a magnetic
azimuth of 87 degrees, the runway designation would
be 9. For a magnetic azimuth ending in the number 5,
such as 185, the runway designation could be either
18 or 19. Wind direction issued by the tower is also
magnetic, and wind velocity is in knots.
8.2Airport proprietors are responsible for taking the
lead in local aviation noise control. Accordingly, they
may propose specific noise abatement plans to the
FAA. If approved, these plans are applied in the form
of Formal or Informal Runway Use Programs for
noise abatement purposes.
8.3At airports where no runway use program is
established, ATC clearance may specify:
8.3.1The runway most nearly aligned with the wind
when it is five knots or more.
8.3.2The calm wind" runway when wind is less
than five knots.
8.3.3Another runway if operationally advantageous.
NOTE−
It is not necessary for a controller to specifically inquire if
the pilot will use a specific runway or to offer the pilot a
choice of runways. If a pilot prefers to use a different
runway than that specified or the one most nearly aligned
with the wind, the pilot is expected to inform ATC
accordingly.
8.4At airports where a runway use program is
established, ATC will assign runways deemed to have
the least noise impact. If in the interest of safety a
runway different than that specified is preferred, the
pilot is expected to advise ATC accordingly. ATC will
honor such requests and advise pilots when the
requested runway is noise sensitive. When use of a
runway other that the one assigned is requested, pilot
cooperation is encouraged to preclude disruption of
traffic flows or creation of conflicting patterns.
8.5At some airports, the airport proprietor may
declare that sections of a runway at one or both ends
are not available for landing or takeoff. For these
airports, the declared distance of runway length
available for a particular operation is published in the
Airport/Facility Directory. These distances are
calculated by adding to the full length of paved
runway any applicable clearway or stopway and
subtracting from that sum the sections of the runway
unsuitable for satisfying the required takeoff run,
takeoff, accelerate/stop, or landing distance.
9. Low Level Wind Shear/Microburst
Detection Systems
9.1Low Level Wind Shear Alert System (LLWAS),
Terminal Doppler Weather Radar (TDWR), Weather
System Processor (WSP), and Integrated Terminal
Weather System (ITWS) display information on
hazardous wind shear and microburst activity in the
vicinity of an airport to air traffic controllers who
relay this information to pilots.
9.1.1LLWAS provides wind shear alert and gust
front information but does not provide microburst
alerts. The LLWAS is designed to detect low level
wind shear conditions around the periphery of an
airport. It does not detect wind shear beyond that
limitation. Controllers will provide this information
to pilots by giving the pilot the airport wind followed
by the boundary wind.
EXAMPLE−
Wind shear alert, airport wind 230 at 8, south boundary
wind 170 at 20.
9.1.2LLWAS network expansion," (LLWAS NE)
and LLWAS Relocation/Sustainment (LLWAS−RS)
are systems integrated with TDWR. These systems
provide the capability of detecting microburst alerts
and wind shear alerts. Controllers will issue the
appropriate wind shear alerts or microburst alerts. In
some of these systems controllers also have the ability
to issue wind information oriented to the threshold or
departure end of the runway.
EXAMPLE−
Runway 17 arrival microburst alert, 40 knot loss 3 mile
final.
NOTE−
Reference GEN 3.5, Paragraph 25, Microbursts.
9.1.3More advanced systems are in the field or
being developed such as ITWS. ITWS provides alerts
for microbursts, wind shear, and significant thunderstorm
activity. ITWS displays wind information
oriented to the threshold or departure end of the
runway.
AIP ENR 1.1−9
United States of America 15 MAR 07
Federal Aviation Administration Nineteenth Edition
9.1.4The WSP provides weather processor enhancements
to selected Airport Surveillance Radar
(ASR)−9 facilities. The WSP provides Air Traffic
with detection and alerting of hazardous weather such
as wind shear, microbursts, and significant thunderstorm
activity. The WSP displays terminal area
　
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