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regulatory standpoint because the establishment of
TRSAs were never subject to the rulemaking process;
consequently, TRSAs are not contained in 14 CFR
Part 71 nor are there any TRSA operating rules in
Part91. Part of the Airport Radar Service Area
(ARSA) program was to eventually replace all
TRSAs. However, the ARSA requirements became
relatively stringent, and it was subsequently decided
that TRSAs would have to meet ARSA criteria before
they would be converted. TRSAs do not fit into any
of the U.S. Airspace Classes; therefore, they will
continue to be non−Part 71 airspace areas where
participating pilots can receive additional radar
services which have been redefined as TRSA Service.
4.3.2TRSA Areas.The primary airport(s) within
the TRSA become(s) Class D airspace. The
remaining portion of the TRSA overlies other
controlled airspace which is normally Class E
airspace beginning at 700 or 1,200 feet and
established to transition to/from the en route/terminal
environment.
4.3.3Participation.Pilots operating under VFR
are encouraged to contact the radar approach control
and avail themselves of the TRSA Services.
However, participation is voluntary on the part of the
pilot. See ENR 1.1, paragraph 39.2, for details and
procedures.
4.3.4Charts.TRSAs are depicted on VFR sectional
and terminal area charts with a solid black line and
altitudes for each segment. The Class D portion is
charted with a blue segmented line.
AIP ENR 1.4−13
United States of America 15 MAR 07
Federal Aviation Administration Nineteenth Edition
FIG ENR 1.4−2
VFR Transition Route

AIP ENR 1.5−1
United States of America 15 MAR 07
Federal Aviation Administration Nineteenth Edition
ENR 1.5 Holding, Approach, and
Departure Procedures
1. Holding Procedures
1.1 Patterns at the most generally used holding fixes
are depicted (charted) on U.S. Government or
commercially produced (meeting FAA requirements)
Low or High Altitude En route, Area, and STAR
charts. Pilots are expected to hold in the pattern
depicted unless specifically advised otherwise by
ATC. (See ENR 1.1, paragraph 27, ATC Clearances
and Aircraft Separations.)
NOTE−
Holding patterns that protect for a maximum holding
airspeed other than the standard may be depicted by an
icon, unless otherwise depicted. The icon is a standard
holding pattern symbol (racetrack) with the airspeed
restriction shown in the center. In other cases, the airspeed
restriction will be depicted next to the standard holding
pattern symbol.
1.2 An ATC clearance requiring an aircraft to hold at
a fix where the pattern is not charted will include the
following information:
1.2.1 Direction of holding from the fix in terms of the
eight cardinal compass points; i.e., N, NE, E, SE, etc.
1.2.2 Holding fix. (The fix may be omitted if it is
included at the beginning of the transmission as the
clearance limit.)
1.2.3 Radial, course, bearing, airway, or route on
which the aircraft is to hold.
1.2.4 Leg length in miles if DME or RNAV is to be
used. (Leg length will be specified in minutes on pilot
request or if the controller considers it necessary.)
1.2.5 Direction of turn if left turns are to be made, the
pilot requests, or the controller considers it necessary.
1.2.6 Time to expect further clearance, and any
pertinent additional delay information.
1.3 Typical Holding Pattern Example
1.3.1 When holding at a VOR station, pilots should
begin the turn to the outbound leg at the time of the
first complete reversal of the “to−from” indicator. See
GEN 3.4, paragraph 12, Two−Way Radio Communications
Failure, for holding at the approach fix
when radio failure occurs.
1.3.2 Holding Pattern Airspace Protection
Holding pattern airspace protection is based on the
following procedures.
NOTE−
Holding pattern airspace protection design criteria is
contained in FAA Handbook 7130.3, Holding Pattern
Criteria.
1.3.2.1 Airspeeds
a) All aircraft may hold at the following altitudes
and maximum holding airspeeds:
TBL ENR 1.5−1
Altitude (MSL) Airspeed (KIAS)
MHA − 6,000’ 200
6,001’ − 14,000’ 230
14,001’ and above 265
b) The following are exceptions to the maximum
holding airspeeds:
1) Holding patterns from 6,001’ to 14,000’ may
be restricted to a maximum airspeed of 210 KIAS.
This nonstandard pattern will be depicted by an icon.
2) Holding patterns may be restricted to a
　
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