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ENR 4.2 Special Navigation Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ENR 4.2−1
ENR 5. NAVIGATION WARNINGS
ENR 5.1 Prohibited, Restricted, and Other Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ENR 5.1−1
ENR 5.2 Military Exercise and Training Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ENR 5.2−1
ENR 5.3 [Reserved] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ENR 5.3−1
ENR 5.4 [Reserved] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ENR 5.4−1
ENR 5.5 [Reserved] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ENR 5.5−1
ENR 5.6 Bird Migration and Areas with Sensitive Fauna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ENR 5.6−1
ENR 5.7 Potential Flight Hazards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ENR 5.7−1
ENR 6. HELICOPTER OPERATIONS
ENR 6.1 Helicopter IFR Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ENR 6.1−1
ENR 6.2 Special Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ENR 6.2−1

AIP ENR 1.1−1
United States of America 15 MAR 07
Federal Aviation Administration Nineteenth Edition
ENR 1. GENERAL RULES AND PROCEDURES
ENR 1.1 General Rules
1. Differences between National and
International Rules and Procedures
1.1The air traffic rules and procedures applicable to
air traffic in U.S. Class A, B, C, D and E airspace
conform with Annexes 2 and 11 to the Convention on
International Civil Aviation and to those portions
applicable to aircraft in the Procedures for Air
Navigation Services − Rules of the Air and Air Traffic
Services (Doc 4444 − RAC/501/10) and to the
Regional Supplementary Procedures (DOC7030)
applicable to the NAM, NAT, CAR and PAC Regions,
except as noted in the cases below. All differences
have been registered with the International Civil
Aviation Organization.
1.1.1Annex 3 − Rules of the Air
NOTE−
See GEN 1.7.
1.1.2Annex 11 − Air Traffic Services
NOTE−
See GEN 1.7.
1.1.3Procedures for Air Navigation Services −
Rules of the Air (DOC 4444) and Air Traffic
Services (RAC/501/10)
NOTE−
See GEN 1.7.
1.1.4Regional Supplementary Procedures
(Doc7030)
NOTE−
See GEN 1.7.
2. Airport Operations
2.1General
2.1.1Increased traffic congestion, aircraft in climb
and descent attitudes, and pilots preoccupation with
cockpit duties are some factors that increase the
hazardous accident potential near the airport. The
situation is further compounded when the weather is
marginal; that is, just meeting VFR requirements.
Pilots must be particularly alert when operating in the
vicinity of an airport. This section defines some rules,
practices, and procedures that pilots should be
familiar with, and adhere to, for safe airport
operations.
2.1.2Each airport operator regularly serving scheduled
air carriers has put into use security measures
designed to prevent or deter unauthorized persons
from having access to Air Operations Area." The
Air Operations Area" means any area of the airport
used or intended to be used for landing, takeoff, or
surface maneuvering of aircraft. Pilots are encouraged
to obtain airport security instructions by posted
signs or radio communication.
3. Airports With an Operating Control Tower
3.1Towers have been established to provide for a
safe, orderly, and expeditious flow of traffic on and in
the vicinity of an airport. When the responsibility has
been so delegated, towers also provide for the
separation of IFR aircraft in the terminal areas
(Approach Control).
3.2When operating at an airport where traffic
control is being exercised by a control tower, pilots
are required to maintain two−way radio contact with
the tower while operating within the Class B,
ClassC, and Class D surface area unless the tower
authorizes otherwise. Initial callup should be made
about 15 miles from the airport. Unless there is a good
reason to leave the tower frequency before exiting the
Class B, Class C, and Class D surface area, it is a good
operating practice to remain on the tower frequency
for the purpose of receiving traffic information. In the
　
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