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 Check speed and adopt climb attitude
Stalling & Slow Flight
Effects of flap on stall symptoms
 Speed reduces more quickly
 Shorter stall warning
 Stall speed is lower
 Stall more pronounced
 Wing drop more likely
Effects of flap and power on stall symptoms (eg: approach configuration)
 Stall speed is lower
 Stall more pronounced
 Wing drop more likely
Note: Raise flaps in stages on recovery
Stalling & Slow Flight
Principles
TR SP
L
4
>16
16
8
BRIEFING
© Matthew Stankiewicz
OVERVIEW
• Aim
• Revision
• Definitions
• Principles
• Considerations
• Application
• Airmanship
• Summary
• Questions
AIM: To fly an accurate traffic circuit by taking off, flying the
pattern and performing a safe landing, whilst adhering to the
correct airspace and cockpit procedures.
CLIMB PROFILES
Power = Full Power ~ 2450rpm
In Balance
VY = 79kts
TURNING
Rate One turns whilst climbing to circuit height
Medium level turns whilst at circuit height
STRAIGHT & LEVEL
Power: 2350rpm
Attitude: Four fingers
Altitude: 1000ftAGL
Track: Parallel to
runway
DESCENT
Descent rate controlled by use of power
Attitude controls airspeed
Power = 1500rpm
Airspeed = 75kts
70kts during final approach
DEFINITIONS:
CIRCUIT: A traffic pattern that is flown after takeoff and prior
to landing, to allow a safe and standard procedure for the flow of
traffic near aerodromes.
CONSIDERATIONS:
WIND
BECAUSE:
• Takeoff run is reduced due to the indicated airspeed being
reached at a lower ground speed.
• Landing run is also reduced due to the indicated landing
speed being reached at a lower ground speed.
• Increased directional control due to airflow over surfaces
whilst stationary.
• Improved obstacle clearance due to the shorter takeoff run
and steeper climb gradient.

WEIGHT
• An increase in weight results in an increase in takeoff
distance and landing distance.
• Higher stall speed
Insert worked example from wrrior manual.
AIRFIELD HEIGHT/ALTITUDE
Has the same effect as an increase in temperature.
RUNWAY SLOPE
UP-SLOPE runway results in a increased takeoff distance due
to slower acceleration. However, up-slope results in a decrease
in landing distance.
DOWN-SLOPE runway results in a decreased takeoff distance
due to improved acceleration. However, down-slope results in
an increased landing distance.
FLAP
Use of flap allows lift to be produced at a lower airspeed
resulting in a shorter takeoff distance.
• Steeper descent gradient allowing increased visibility
• Reduced stall speed that permits a slower approach speed
whilst maintaining a safe margin.
Must select optimal flap setting to optimise performance
SLIPSTREAM EFFECT
Strikes the left side of the keel resulting in a left yaw on takeoff.
TORQUE EFFECT
Most pronounced when increasing power from rest or slow
speeds. In an aircraft with a clockwise rotating propellor the
torque effect causes the aircraft to roll around the longitudinal
axis in an anti-clockwise direction.
ENGINE FAILURES
• Close throttle
• Apply full braking
• Exit runway once slowed to a walking pace
AFTER LIFT OFF WITH SUFFICIENT RUNWAY REMAINNG
• Lower nose and extend full flap
• Land straight ahead on remaining runway
• Brake and exit the runway
PRIOR TO LIFTOFF
AFTER LIFTOFF WITH INSUFFICIENT RUNWAY REMAINING
• Adopt best glide attitude
• Look 30° either side of nose for suitable landing area
APPLICATION
PREFLIGHT
• Obstacle clearance
• Takeoff distance available(TODA) and Takeoff distance
required(TODR)
• Runway surface
• Type of climb to be used
• Determine wind direction
- ATIS
- WIND
- OTHER TRAFFIC
PRE-TAKEOFF CHECKS - MANDATORY
T
M
P
F
I
S
C
H
Throttle friction set
Trim set to neutral
Mixture RICH
Master ON
Magnetos BOTH
Primer IN and LOCKED
Pitch FULLY FINE
Fuel SUFFICIENT, Tank SELECTED
Flap SET
Instruments SET left to right
Switches
Set 1600rpm
Check LEFT & RIGHT Magnetos
Controls FULL & CORRECT
　
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