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- Spatial Disorientation:
 disagreement of senses
 Slow roll to left not detected by senses. Correct with right bank. Senses detect
the right bank and instruments show S&L!
 Causes vertigo/leans.
 Partial Panel Failure
- Detect failed instruments by cross-checking other instruments. Use inverted V
scan.
- DG fails, supplement with magnetic compass. Remember ONUS and SAND
errors.
15 20 25
10
5
RPM
0 1
2
3
4
ALT
6 5
7
8
9
VS
20
20
5 15
10
10 15
5
40
60
80
120 100
140
160
T&B
0 1
2
3
4
ALT
6 5
7
8
9
VS
20
20
5 15
10
10 15
5
40
60
80
120 100
140
160
T&B
RMIT Flight Training Instrument Flight
RMIT Instructor Rating Mass Briefs Issue 1 /2004 Page 3 Brief 17
Air Exercise:
CRUISE – To correctly configure the aircraft from a climb to the cruise the pilot must
consider the normal technique of ASPT.
Attitude – Change the AH to the correct straight and level attitude and hold.
- Scan the DG, ALT and T&B for correct S&L criteria (Constant direction,
altitude and in balance).
Speed - Scan ASI for acceleration to cruise speed.
Power - Reduce RPM to cruise power.
Trim - Trim to the attitude on the AH.
CLIMB – To adopt the climb configuration from the cruise the pilot will use PAST.
Power – Increase the power to climb settings referring to AH and TACHO.
Attitude - Scan the AH and adopt the climb attitude monitoring the DG and T&B for
direction and balance.
Speed - Scan AH, DG and ASI and adjust if require to achieve the speed.
Trim - Trim to the attitude on the AH.
15 20 25
10
5
RPM
0 1
2
3
4
ALT
6 5
7
8
9
VS
20
20
5 15
10
10 15
5
40
60
80
120 100
140
160
T&B
To maintain straight and level the
primary scan is AH to ALT to AH to DG
to AH.
The secondary scan instruments are
the ASI, T&B and VSI, which should
be included in the primary scan every
few scans.
Once the power is set the other engine
instruments and radio should only be
scanned when necessary.
15 20 25
10
5
RPM
0 1
2
3
4
ALT
6 5
7
8
9
VS
20
20
5 15
10
10 15
5
40
60
80
120 100
140
160
T&B
To maintain the climb, the primary scan is
AH to ASI to AH to DG to AH.
The secondary scan instruments are ALT,
VSI and T&B, which should be included in
the primary scan every few scans. The
altimeter should become part of the primary
scan approaching the assigned altitude.
Power, once set, and the other engine
instruments and radio should only be
referenced when necessary.
RMIT Flight Training Instrument Flight
RMIT Instructor Rating Mass Briefs Issue 1 /2004 Page 4 Brief 17
DESCENT – To adopt the descent configuration from the cruise the pilot will use
PAST.
Power - Reduce the power to 1900 rpm referring to AH and TACHO.
Attitude - Scan the AH and adopt the descent attitude monitoring DG and T&B for
direction and balance.
Speed - Scan AH, DG, ASI and VSI and check speed and ROD, adjust if necessary.
Trim - Trim only if necessary (speed should be the same as cruise with no trim
change.
TURNS - To turn the aircraft the pilot must use the correct entry technique of
Bank, Balance and Back pressure.
Bank - Roll on bank to 17 degrees (rate one) referring to the AH.
Balance - Refer to T&B and balance with rudder.
Back Pressure - set attitude referring to AH, ALT and VSI.
To maintain the descent, the primary scan is
AH to ASI to AH to DG to AH.
The secondary scan instruments are ALT,
VSI and T&B, which should be included in
the primary scan every few scans. The
altimeter should become part of the primary
scan approaching the assigned altitude.
Power, once set to achieve 500 fpm, and the
other engine instruments and radio should
only be referenced when necessary.
15 20 25
10
5
RPM
0 1
2
3
4
ALT
6 5
7
8
9
VS
20
20
5 15
10
10 15
5
40
60
80
　
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