曝光臺 注意防騙 網曝天貓店富美金盛家居專營店坑蒙拐騙欺詐消費者

provided to RNAV aircraft on random (impromptu) routes
at FL 450 and below.
2. When a clearance is issued beyond the altitude and/or
distance limitations of a NAVAID, in addition to being
responsible for maintaining separation from other aircraft
and airspace, the controller is responsible for providing
aircraft with information and advice related to significant
deviations from the expected flight path.
REFERENCEP/
CG Term- Radar Monitoring.
b. Operational necessity requires and approval has
been obtained from the Frequency Management and
Flight Inspection Offices to exceed them.
c. Requested routing is via an MTR.
REFERENCEFAAO
JO 7110.65, Para 5-6-2, Methods.
4-1-3. CROSSING ALTITUDE
Use an altitude consistent with the limitations of the
aid when clearing an aircraft to cross or hold at a fix.
REFERENCEFAAO
JO 7110.65, Para 5-6-2, Methods.
4-1-4. VFR‐ON‐TOP
Use a route not meeting service volume limitations
only if an aircraft requests to operate “VFR‐on‐top”
on this route.
NOTEAircraft
equipped with TACAN only are expected to:
1. Define route of flight between TACAN or VORTAC
NAVAIDs in the same manner as VOR‐equipped aircraft.
2. Except in Class A airspace, submit requests for
“VFR‐on‐top” flight where insufficient TACAN or
VORTAC NAVAIDs exist to define the route.
REFERENCEFAAO
JO 7110.65, Para 5-6-2, Methods.
4-1-5. FIX USE
Request aircraft position reports only over fixes
shown on charts used for the altitude being flown,
except as follows:
NOTEWaypoints
filed in random RNAV routes automatically
become compulsory reporting points for the flight unless
otherwise advised by ATC.
a. Unless the pilot requests otherwise, use only
those fixes shown on high altitude en route charts,
high altitude instrument approach procedures charts,
and SID charts when clearing military turbojet
single‐piloted aircraft.
b. Except for military single‐piloted turbojet
aircraft, unpublished fixes may be used if the name of
the NAVAID and, if appropriate, the radial/course/
azimuth and frequency/channel are given to the pilot.
An unpublished fix is defined as one approved and
planned for publication which is not yet depicted on
the charts or one which is used in accord with the
following:
REFERENCEFAAO
7130.3, Holding Pattern Criteria.
1. Unpublished fixes are formed by the en route
radial and either a DME distance from the same
NAVAID or an intersecting radial from an off‐route
VOR/VORTAC/TACAN. DME shall be used in lieu
of off‐route radials, whenever possible.
2/14/08 JO 7110.65S
NAVAID Use Limitations 4-1-3
2. Except where known signal coverage restrictions
exist, an unpublished fix may be used for ATC
purposes if its location does not exceed NAVAID
altitude and distance limitation, and when off‐route
radials are used, the angle of divergence meets the
criteria prescribed below.
NOTEUnpublished
fixes should not negate the normal use of
published intersections. Frequent routine use of an
unpublished fix would justify establishing a fix.
REFERENCEFAAO
JO 7110.65, Para 4-1-1, Altitude and Distance Limitations.
3. Do not hold aircraft at unpublished fixes
below the lowest assignable altitude dictated by
terrain clearance for the appropriate holding pattern
airspace area (template) regardless of the MEA for
the route being flown.
4. When the unpublished fix is located on an
off‐route radial and the radial providing course
guidance, it shall be used consistent with the
following divergence angles:
(a) When holding operations are involved
with respect to subparas (b) and (c) below, the angle
of divergence shall be at least 45 degrees.
(b) When both NAVAIDs involved are
located within 30 NM of the unpublished fix, the
minimum divergence angle is 30 degrees.
(c) When the unpublished fix is located over
30 NM from the NAVAID generating the off‐course
radial, the minimum divergence angle shall increase
1 degree per NM up to 45 NM; e.g., 45 NM would
require 45 degrees.
(d) When the unpublished fix is located
beyond 45 NM from the NAVAID generating the
off‐course radial, the minimum divergence angle
shall increase 1/2 degree per NM; e.g., 130 NM would
require 88 degrees.
c. Fixes contained in the route description of
MTRs are considered filed fixes.
d. TACAN‐only aircraft (type suffix M, N, or P)
possess TACAN with DME, but no VOR or LF
navigation system capability. Assign fixes based on
　
中國航空網 m.k6050.com
航空翻譯 www.aviation.cn
本文鏈接地址：Air Traffic Control空中交通管制1(98)