OPERATIONAL PHILOSOPHY
FLIGHT CONTROLS
A318/A319/A320/A321
FLIGHT CREW TRAINING MANUAL
INTRODUCTION
Applicable to: ALL
The relationship between the Pilot Flying’s (PF’s) input on the sidestick, and the aircraft’s response, is referred to as control law. This relationship determines the handling characteristics of the aircraft. There are three sets of control laws, and they are provided according to the status of the: Computers, peripherals, and hydraulic generation.
The three sets of control laws are:
? Normal law
? Alternate law
? Direct law.
NORMAL LAW
Applicable to: ALL
OBJECTIVES
The aim of normal law is to provide the following handling characteristics within the normal flight envelope (regardless of aircraft speed, altitude, gross weight and CG):
? Aircraft must be stable and maneuverable
? The same response must be consistently obtained from the aircraft
? The Actions on the sidestick must be balanced in pitch and in roll.
The normal law handling characteristics, at the flight envelope limit are:
? The PF has full authority to achieve Maximum aircraft Performance
? The PF can have instinctive/immediate reaction, in the event of an emergency
? There is a reduced possibility of overcontrolling or overstressing the aircraft.
Normal Law is the law that is most commonly available, and it handles single failures. CHARACTERISTICS IN PITCH
IN FLIGHT
When the PF performs sidestick inputs, a constant G-load maneuver is ordered, and the aircraft responds with a G-Load/Pitch rate. Therefore, the PF’s order is consistent with the response that is "naturally" expected from the aircraft: Pitch rate at low speed; Flight Path Rate or G, at high speed.
OPERATIONAL PHILOSOPHY
FLIGHT CONTROLS
A318/A319/A320/A321
FLIGHT CREW TRAINING MANUAL
So, if there is no input on the stick:
? The aircraft maintains the flight path, even in case of speed changes
? In case of configuration changes or thrust variations, the aircraft compensates for the pitching moment effects
? In turbulence, small deviations occur on the flight path. However, the aircraft tends to regain a steady condition.
AIRBUS PITCH CHARACTERISTIC
Operational Recommendation:
From the moment the aircraft is stable and auto-trimmed, the PF needs to perform minor corrections on the sidestick, if the aircraft deviates from its intended flight path.
The PF should not force the sidestick, or overcontrol it. If the PF suspects an overcontrol, they should release the sidestick.
AT TAKEOFF AND LANDING
The above-mentioned pitch law is not the most appropriate for takeoff and flare, because the stable flight path is not what the PF naturally expects.
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本文鏈接地址：A318/A319/A320/A321 機組訓練手冊 FCTM Flight Crew Training Manual(8)
