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control, and/or avoid high speed excursions. These actions are the same as those that would be applied in any case where non protected aircraft (e.g. in case of stall warning: add thrust, reduce pitch, check speedbrakes retracted).
DIRECT LAW
Applicable to: ALL
In most triple failure cases, direct law triggers.
When this occurs:
? Elevator deflection is proportional to stick deflection. Maximum deflection depends on the configuration and on the CG
? Aileron and spoiler deflections are proportional to stick deflection, but vary with the aircraft configuration
? Pitch trim is commanded manually
 

  OPERATIONAL PHILOSOPHY
FLIGHT CONTROLS
A318/A319/A320/A321
FLIGHT CREW TRAINING MANUAL 

Handling characteristics are natural, of high-quality aircraft, almost independent of the configuration and of the CG. Therefore, the aircraft obviously has no protections, no automatic pitch trim, but overspeed or stall warnings.
OPERATIONAL RECOMMENDATION:
The PF must avoid performing large thrust changes, or sudden speedbrake movements, particularly if the center of gravity is aft. If the speedbrakes are out, and the aircraft has been re-trimmed, the
PF must gently retract the speedbrakes, to give time to retrim, and thereby avoid a large, nose-down trim change.
INDICATIONS
Applicable to: ALL
The ECAM and PFD indicate any control law degradation. ON THE ECAM
�� In ALTN Law:
FLT CTL ALTN LAW (PROT LOST)
MAX SPEED 320 kt(320 kt/M 0.77 on A318)
�� In Direct Law:
FLT CTL DIRECT LAW (PROT LOST)
MAX SPEED 320 kt/M 0.77
MAN PITCH TRIM USE
ON THE PFD
The PFD enhances the PF’s awarness of the status of flight controls.
Specific symbols (= in green), and specific formatting of low speed information on the speed scale in normal law, indicate which protections are available.
When protections are lost, amber crosses (X) appear, instead of the green protection symbols (=). When automatic pitch trim is no longer available, the PFD indicates this with an amber “USE MAN PITCH TRIM” message below the FMA.
 

  OPERATIONAL PHILOSOPHY
FLIGHT CONTROLS
A318/A319/A320/A321
FLIGHT CREW TRAINING MANUAL 

Fly-by-Wire Status Awareness via the PFD
 
Therefore, by simply looking at this main instrument (PFD), the flight crew is immediately aware of the status of flight controls, and the operational consequences.
PROTECTIONS
Criteria: SA
Applicable to: MSN 0045-0097, 0247, 0396-0398, 0416-0478
OBJECTIVES
One of the PF's primary tasks is to maintain the aircraft within the limits of the normal flight envelope. However, some circumstances, due to extreme situations or aircraft mishandling, may provoke the violation of these limits.
Despite system protections, the PF must not deliberately exceed the normal flight envelope. In addition, these protections are not designed to be structural limit protections (e.g. opposite rudder
　
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