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aircraft without datalink weather should get updated weather
in flight through an AFSS and/or Flight Watch.
The Plane
Both the plan and the plane are fairly familiar to most pilots.
The plane consists of the usual array of mechanical and
cosmetic issues that every aircraft pilot, owner, or operator
can identify. With the advent of advanced avionics, the plane
has expanded to include database currency, automation
status, and emergency backup systems that were unknown
a few years ago. Much has been written about single-pilot
IFR flight both with and without an autopilot. While this is
a personal decision, it is just that—a decision. Low IFR in
a non-autopilot equipped aircraft may depend on several of
the other Ps to be discussed. Pilot proficiency, currency, and
fatigue are among them.
The Pilot
Flying, especially when used for business transportation,
can expose the pilot to high altitude flying, long distance
and endurance, and more challenging weather. An advanced
avionics aircraft, simply due to its advanced capabilities can
expose a pilot to even more of these stresses. The traditional
“IMSAFE” checklist is a good start.
The combination of late night, pilot fatigue, and the effects
of sustained flight above 5,000 feet may cause pilots to
become less discerning, less critical of information, less
decisive, and more compliant and accepting. Just as the most
critical portion of the flight approaches (for instance, a night
instrument approach in the weather after a 4-hour flight), the
pilot’s guard is down the most. The 5P process helps a pilot
recognize the physiological situation at the end of the flight
before takeoff, and continues to update personal conditions
as the flight progresses. Once risks are identified, the pilot is
in an infinitely better place to make alternate plans that lessen
the effect of these factors and provide a safer solution.
The Passengers
One of the key differences between CRM and SRM is the
way passengers interact with the pilot. The pilot of a high
capability single-engine aircraft has entered into a very
personal relationship with the passengers. In fact, the pilot
and passengers sit within an arm’s reach all of the time.
The desire of the passengers to make airline connections or
important business meetings enters easily into this pilot’s
decision-making loop. Done in a healthy and open way, this
can be a positive factor. Consider a flight to Dulles Airport and
the passengers, both close friends and business partners, need
to get to Washington, D.C., for an important meeting. The
weather is VFR all the way to southern Virginia, then turns
to low IFR as the pilot approaches Dulles. A pilot employing
the 5P approach might consider reserving a rental car at an
airport in northern North Carolina or southern Virginia to
coincide with a refueling stop. Thus, the passengers have a
way to get to Washington, and the pilot has an out to avoid
being pressured into continuing the flight if the conditions
do not improve.
Passengers can also be pilots. If no one is designated as pilot
in command (PIC) and unplanned circumstances arise, the
decision-making styles of several self-confident pilots may
conflict.
Pilots also need to understand that non-pilots may not
understand the level of risk involved in the flight. There is
an element of risk in every flight. That is why SRM calls it
risk management, not risk elimination. While a pilot may feel
comfortable with the risk present in a night IFR flight, the
passengers may not. A pilot employing SRM should ensure
the passengers are involved in the decision-making and given
tasks and duties to keep them busy and involved. If, upon a
factual description of the risks present, the passengers decide
to buy an airline ticket or rent a car, then a good decision has
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generally been made. This discussion also allows the pilot
to move past what he or she thinks the passengers want to
do and find out what they actually want to do. This removes
self-induced pressure from the pilot.
The Programming
The advanced avionics aircraft adds an entirely new
dimension to the way GA aircraft are flown. The electronic
instrument displays, GPS, and autopilot reduce pilot
workload and increase pilot situational awareness. While
programming and operation of these devices are fairly simple
and straightforward, unlike the analog instruments they
replace, they tend to capture the pilot’s attention and hold it
　
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