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or additional instructions are issued by ATC. In
addition, ATC will include departure delay information
in conjunction with “hold for release”
instructions. The ATC instruction, “hold for release,”
applies to the IFR clearance and does not prevent the
pilot from departing under VFR. However, prior to
takeoff the pilot should cancel the IFR flight plan and
operate the transponder on the appropriate VFR code.
An IFR clearance may not be available after
departure.
EXAMPLE−
(Aircraft identification) cleared to (destination) airport as
filed, maintain (altitude), and, if required (additional
instructions or information), hold for release, expect (time
in hours and/or minutes) departure delay.
3. Release Times. A “release time” is a
departure restriction issued to a pilot by ATC,
specifying the earliest time an aircraft may depart.
ATC will use “release times” in conjunction with
traffic management procedures and/or to separate a
departing aircraft from other traffic.
EXAMPLE−
(Aircraft identification) released for departure at (time in
hours and/or minutes).
4. Expect Departure Clearance Time
(EDCT). The EDCT is the runway release time
assigned to an aircraft in a ground delay program.
Aircraft are expected to depart no earlier than
5 minutes before, and no later than 5 minutes after the
EDCT.
b. If practical, pilots departing uncontrolled
airports should obtain IFR clearances prior to
becoming airborne when two-way communications
with the controlling ATC facility is available.
5−2−5. Departure Control
a. Departure Control is an approach control
function responsible for ensuring separation between
departures. So as to expedite the handling of
departures, Departure Control may suggest a takeoff
direction other than that which may normally have
been used under VFR handling. Many times it is
preferred to offer the pilot a runway that will require
the fewest turns after takeoff to place the pilot on
course or selected departure route as quickly as
possible. At many locations particular attention is
paid to the use of preferential runways for local noise
abatement programs, and route departures away from
congested areas.
b. Departure Control utilizing radar will normally
clear aircraft out of the terminal area using DPs via
radio navigation aids. When a departure is to be
vectored immediately following takeoff, the pilot
will be advised prior to takeoff of the initial heading
to be flown but may not be advised of the purpose of
the heading. Pilots operating in a radar environment
are expected to associate departure headings with
vectors to their planned route or flight. When given
a vector taking the aircraft off a previously assigned
nonradar route, the pilot will be advised briefly what
the vector is to achieve. Thereafter, radar service will
be provided until the aircraft has been reestablished
“on-course” using an appropriate navigation aid and
the pilot has been advised of the aircraft’s position or
a handoff is made to another radar controller with
further surveillance capabilities.
c. Controllers will inform pilots of the departure
control frequencies and, if appropriate, the transponder
code before takeoff. Pilots should not operate
their transponder until ready to start the takeoff roll,
except at ASDE−X facilities where transponders
should be transmitting “on” with altitude reporting
continuously while operating on the airport surface if
AIM 2/17/05
5−2−4 Departure Procedures
so equipped. Pilots should not change to the departure
control frequency until requested. Controllers may
omit the departure control frequency if a DP has or
will be assigned and the departure control frequency
is published on the DP.
5−2−6. Instrument Departure Procedure
(DP)
Instrument departure procedures are preplanned
instrument flight rule (IFR) procedures which
provide obstruction clearance from the terminal area
to the appropriate en route structure. There are
two types of DPs, Obstacle Departure Procedures
(ODPs), printed either textually or graphically, and
Standard Instrument Departures (SIDs), always
printed graphically. ODPs provide obstruction
clearance via the least onerous route from the
terminal area to the appropriate en route structure.
ODPs are recommended for obstruction clearance
and may be flown without ATC clearance unless an
alternate departure procedure (SID or radar vector)
　
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