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thorough visual check for other aircraft in the area.
b. When operating within a Class B, Class C, and
Class D surface area, a pilot intending to make a low
approach should contact the tower for approval. This
request should be made prior to starting the final
approach.
c. When operating to an airport, not within a
Class B, Class C, and Class D surface area, a pilot
intending to make a low approach should, prior to
leaving the final approach fix inbound (nonprecision
approach) or the outer marker or fix used in lieu of the
outer marker inbound (precision approach), so advise
the FSS, UNICOM, or make a broadcast as
appropriate.
REFERENCE−
AIM, Traffic Advisory Practices at Airports Without Operating Control
Towers, Paragraph 4−1−9.
4−3−13. Traffic Control Light Signals
a. The following procedures are used by ATCTs in
the control of aircraft, ground vehicles, equipment,
and personnel not equipped with radio. These same
procedures will be used to control aircraft, ground
vehicles, equipment, and personnel equipped with
radio if radio contact cannot be established. ATC
personnel use a directive traffic control signal which
emits an intense narrow light beam of a selected color
(either red, white, or green) when controlling traffic
by light signals.
b. Although the traffic signal light offers the
advantage that some control may be exercised over
nonradio equipped aircraft, pilots should be cognizant
of the disadvantages which are:
1. Pilots may not be looking at the control tower
at the time a signal is directed toward their aircraft.
2. The directions transmitted by a light signal
are very limited since only approval or disapproval of
a pilot’s anticipated actions may be transmitted. No
supplement or explanatory information may be
transmitted except by the use of the “General
Warning Signal” which advises the pilot to be on the
alert.
c. Between sunset and sunrise, a pilot wishing to
attract the attention of the control tower should turn
on a landing light and taxi the aircraft into a position,
clear of the active runway, so that light is visible to the
tower. The landing light should remain on until
appropriate signals are received from the tower.
d. Air Traffic Control Tower Light Gun Signals.
(See TBL 4−3−1.)
e. During daylight hours, acknowledge tower
transmissions or light signals by moving the ailerons
or rudder. At night, acknowledge by blinking the
landing or navigation lights. If radio malfunction
occurs after departing the parking area, watch the
tower for light signals or monitor tower frequency.
AIM 2/17/05
4−3−12 Airport Operations
TBL 4−3−1
Air Traffic Control Tower Light Gun Signals
Meaning
Color and Type of Signal
Movement of Vehicles,
Equipment and Personnel Aircraft on the Ground Aircraft in Flight
Steady green Cleared to cross, proceed or go Cleared for takeoff Cleared to land
Flashing green Not applicable Cleared for taxi Return for landing (to be
followed by steady green at the
proper time)
Steady red STOP STOP Give way to other aircraft and
continue circling
Flashing red Clear the taxiway/runway Taxi clear of the runway in use Airport unsafe, do not land
Flashing white Return to starting point on airport Return to starting point on airport Not applicable
Alternating red and green Exercise extreme caution Exercise extreme caution Exercise extreme caution
4−3−14. Communications
a. Pilots of departing aircraft should communicate
with the control tower on the appropriate ground
control/clearance delivery frequency prior to starting
engines to receive engine start time, taxi and/or
clearance information. Unless otherwise advised by
the tower, remain on that frequency during taxiing
and runup, then change to local control frequency
when ready to request takeoff clearance.
NOTE−
Pilots are encouraged to monitor the local tower frequency
as soon as practical consistent with other ATC
requirements.
REFERENCE−
AIM, Automatic Terminal Information Service (ATIS),
Paragraph 4−1−13.
b. The tower controller will consider that pilots of
turbine−powered aircraft are ready for takeoff when
they reach the runway or warm−up block unless
advised otherwise.
c. The majority of ground control frequencies are
in the 121.6−121.9 MHz bandwidth. Ground control
frequencies are provided to eliminate frequency
congestion on the tower (local control) frequency and
　
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