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FLIGHT MODE
Applicable to: MSN,
The normal-law flight mode is a load-factor-demand mode with automatic trim and protection
throughout the flight envelope.
Following normal law, the sidestick controllers set the elevator and THS to maintain load factor
proportional to stick deflection and independent of speed.
With the sidestick at neutral, wings level, the system maintains 1 g in pitch (corrected for pitch
attitude), and there is no need for the pilot to trim by changing speed or configuration. Pitch trim is
automatic both in manual mode and when the autopilot is engaged. In normal turns (up to 33 ° of
bank) the pilot does not have to make any pitch corrections once the turn is established.
The flight mode is active from takeoff to landing, and follows the logic shown schematically (Refer to
DSC-27-20-10-10 GENERAL).
Automatic pitch trim freezes in the following situations :
The ‐ pilot enters a manual trim order.
‐ The radio altitude is below 50 ft (100 ft with autopilot engaged).
A318/A319/A320/A321 FLIGHT CREW
OPERATING MANUAL
AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS
FLIGHT CONTROLS
FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM - NORMAL LAW
A318/A319/A320/A321 FLEET DSC-27-20-10-20 P 4/10
FCOM 19 AUG 10
‐ The load factor goes below 0.5 g.
‐ The aircraft is under high-speed or high-Mach protection (except when there is fault in one of the
elevators).
When angle-of-attack protection is active, the THS setting is limited between the setting at the
aircraft’s entry into this protection and 3.5 ° nose down. (Neither the pilot nor the system can apply
additional nose-up trim).
Similarly, when the load factor is higher than 1.25 g or when the aircraft exceeds 33 ° of bank, the
THS setting is limited to values between the actual setting and 3.5 ° nose down.
When High Speed or High Mach Protection is active, the THS Setting is limited between the setting
at the aircraft’s entry into this protection and 11 ° nose-up.
CONTROL WITH AUTOPILOT ENGAGED
‐ The ELACs and SECs limit what the autopilot can order.
‐ The pilot has to overcome a restraining force in order to move the sidestick when the autopilot is
engaged. If he overcomes this force and does move the sidestick, he disconnects the autopilot.
‐ The pilot can also disconnect the autopilot by pushing on the rudder pedals (10 ° out of trim), or
by moving the pitch trim wheel.
‐ All protections of normal laws remain effective except pitch attitude protection.
FLARE MODE
Applicable to: ALL
The flight mode changes to flare mode when the aircraft passes 50 ft RA as it descends to land.
The system memorizes the attitude at 50 ft, and that attitude becomes the initial reference for pitch
attitude control.
As the aircraft descends through 30 ft, the system begins to reduce the pitch attitude, reducing it to
2 ° nose down over a period of 8 s. This means that it takes gentle nose-up action by the pilot to flare
the aircraft.
PROTECTIONS
Applicable to: ALL
GENERAL
The normal law protects the aircraft throughout the flight envelope, as follows :
‐ load factor limitation
‐ pitch attitude protection
‐ high-angle-of-attack (AOA) protection
‐ high-speed protection.
A318/A319/A320/A321 FLIGHT CREW
OPERATING MANUAL
AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS
FLIGHT CONTROLS
FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM - NORMAL LAW
A318/A319/A320/A321 FLEET DSC-27-20-10-20 P 5/10
FCOM 19 AUG 10
Applicable to: ALL
LOAD FACTOR LIMITATION
The load factor is automatically limited to :
+ 2.5 g to - 1 g for clean configuration.
+ 2 g to 0 for other configurations.
Applicable to: ALL
PITCH ATTITUDE PROTECTION
Pitch attitude is limited to :
30 ° nose up in conf 0 to 3 (progressively reduced ‐ to 25 ° at low speed).
‐ 25 ° nose up in conf FULL (progressively reduced to 20 ° at low speed).
‐ 15 ° nose down (indicated by green symbols “=” on the PFD’s pitch scale).
The flight director bars disappear from the PFD when the pitch attitude exceeds 25 ° up or 13 °
down. They return to the display when the pitch angle returns to the region between 22 ° up and
10 ° down.
Applicable to:
MSN,
HIGH ANGLE OF ATTACK PROTECTION
In normal law, when the angle-of-attack becomes greater than αprot, the system switches elevator
control from normal mode to a protection mode, in which the angle-of-attack is proportional to
sidestick deflection. That is, in the αprot range, from α prot to αmax, the sidestick commands
α directly. However, the angle-of-attack will not exceed αmax, even if the pilot gently pulls the
sidestick all the way back. If the pilot releases the sidestick, the angle-of-attack returns to αprot
　
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