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to the lower end of the outside air temperature range.
SUPPLEMENTARY PROCEDURES
Cold Weather Operations
Vol. 1 06−12−15
REV 74, Nov 07/08
Type IV Fluids
Figure 06−12−5
CL−604 Operating Manual
PSP 604−6
6. AIRFRAME DEICING, ANTI-ICING, AND INSPECTION (CONT'D)
B. Deicing/Anti-Icing Procedures
Deicing is the removal of snow, ice or frost from airplane surfaces, using mechanical means,
hot water or a heated mixture of water and deicing/anti-icing fluid, or other means which
satisfy the requirement of the clean aircraft concept.
Anti-icing is the application of deicing/anti-icing fluid with a useful holdover time, to prevent
the accumulation of snow, ice or frost on airplane surfaces after deicing.
Current practice prescribes the following general methods for effecting deicing/anti-icing:
1. MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF LOOSE CONTAMINATION
If a significant amount of loose snow is on the airplane, the expenditure of a relatively
large amount of deicing fluid can be avoided if the snow is removed mechanically.
Subject to the results of an inspection as outlined below (Removal of Loose
Contamination), this may achieve complete deicing of the airplane.
2. ONE-STEP DEICING/ANTI-ICING
Fluid is applied in one step, to remove frozen contamination and apply limited anti-ice
protection. In this process, the residual fluid film, regardless of the type of fluid used, will
provide only a very limited duration of anti-icing protection.
3. TWO-STEP DEICING/ANTI-ICING
Two fluid applications are made: the first to deice, using hot water or a water/fluid
mixture; the second to anti-ice, using undiluted (100%) fluid, or a water/fluid mixture.
This method ensures that the full anti-icing holdover time available from the fluid will be
obtained.
4. INFRARED DEICING
Deicing using infrared energy is an alternative procedure for removing frozen
precipitation. It is accomplished through heat that breaks the bond of adhering frozen
contamination. The application of infrared energy may be continued to melt and
evaporate frozen contaminants.
SUPPLEMENTARY PROCEDURES
Cold Weather Operations
Vol. 1 06−12−16
REV 74, Nov 07/08
CL−604 Operating Manual
PSP 604−6
6. AIRFRAME DEICING, ANTI-ICING, AND INSPECTION (CONT'D)
WARNING
When using infrared energy to deice, wet surfaces require an
application of heated deicing fluids to prevent refreezing after
removal of infrared energy source.
When required, for operation other than frost or leading edge ice
removal, and when OAT is at or below 0°C (32°F), an additional
treatment with hot deicing fluid must be done within the infrared
deicing facility to prevent refreezing of water, which may remain in
hidden areas.
CAUTION
If the aircraft requires deicing again and deicing/anti-icing fluids had
been applied before flight, conventional deicing/anti-icing with fluids
must be done.
When using infrared energy to deice, refer also to the following SAE industry standard
practices and FAA Advisory Circulars for procedures and precautions:
• SAE Aerospace Recommended Practices ARP 4737
• FAA Advisory Circular No: 150/5300−14 Appendix A
• FAA Advisory Circular No: 120−89
DFO1_0612_009
Type I Guidelines
Figure 06−12−6
NOTE
Airplane skin temperature and OAT may differ. Use stronger mix if skin
temperature is lower than OAT.
Upper temperature limit of heated fluid shall not exceed fluid
recommendations.
SUPPLEMENTARY PROCEDURES
Cold Weather Operations
Vol. 1 06−12−17
REV 74, Nov 07/08
CL−604 Operating Manual
PSP 604−6
6. AIRFRAME DEICING, ANTI-ICING, AND INSPECTION (CONT'D)
DFO1_0612_013
Type II, III and IV Guidelines
Figure 06−12−7
NOTE
An insufficient amount of anti-icing fluid, especially in the second step of a
two-step procedure, may cause a substantial loss of holdover time. This is
particularly true when using a Type I fluid for the first step.
Whenever frost or ice occurs on the lower surface of the wing, indicating a
cold soaked wing, the 50/50 dilutions of Type II, III or IV should not be used
for the anti-icing step.
Airplane skin temperature and OAT may differ. Use stronger mix if skin
temperature is lower than OAT.
For heated fluids, a fluid temperature not less than 60°C (140°F) at the
nozzle is desirable. Upper temperature limit of heated fluid shall not exceed
fluid recommendations.
SUPPLEMENTARY PROCEDURES
Cold Weather Operations
Vol. 1 06−12−18
　
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