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areas of forecast moderate or greater turbulence.
Computer Flight Plan (CFP)
The document designated as the Master CFP should be carefully checked for date, type aircraft, fuel
load and performance requirements. Crosschecks should also be done for routing and forecast
groundspeeds. The CFP should be carefully checked against the ICAO filed flight plan to ensure the
routing is in agreement with both documents. The enroute time on the CFP should be compared
against the distance to destination for a reasonable groundspeed. The enroute time should also be
compared against the total distance for a reasonable fuel load.
Dual Long Range NAV System (LRNS)
Two operational LRNSs are required for remote oceanic operations. A single FMS is not authorized
for remote oceanic operations.
HF check
An HF check should be conducted on the primary and secondary HF radios in areas where dual HF
radios are required. If possible, the HF checks should be done on the ground or before entering
oceanic airspace. A SELCAL check should also be accomplished at each Oceanic Control Area
(OCA) boundary.
Confirm Present Position coordinates
Both pilots should independently verify the present position coordinates using either published ramp
coordinates or determine position from the airfield diagram. They should not rely solely on the
present position when the LRNS was shut down from the previous flight. A master source such as an
enroute chart should also be used to confirm accuracy of coordinates at the oceanic boundaries.
Master CFP symbols
Operators are encouraged to use consistent symbology on the Master CFP. For example, a circled
number ( O ) means the second crewmember has independently verified the coordinates entered or
crosschecked by the first crewmember. A checkmark ( V ) may indicate that the track and distances
have been confirmed. A diagonal line ( \ ) may indicate that the crew has confirmed the coordinates
of the approaching and next way point. An X-symbol ( X ) may indicate having flown overhead the
way point.
NORTH ATLANTIC MNPSA OPERATIONS MANUAL CHAPTER 12
NAT MNPS 75 Edition 2009
LRNS programming
- Check currency and software version
It is important to check the effective date of the database. Crews should note if the database
is projected to expire during their trip. Crews are discouraged from flying with expired
databases. MELs may allow relief to fly with an expired database but require the crews to
manually crosscheck all data. The software version of the database should also be confirmed
in case there has been a change.
- Independent verification
It is critical that one crewmember enters waypoint coordinates and that these are
independently checked by another crewmember. It should be noted that the pilot should read
from the FMS screen back to the master CFP when verifying data. To read from the Master
CFP to the FMS is a human factor‟s issue that has lead to errors based on seeing what we
expect to see.
- Check expanded coordinates of waypoints
Most FMSs allow entering abbreviated oceanic coordinates. There have been cases when
there was an error in the expended waypoint coordinate, but crews only checked the
abbreviated coordinate. Verifying only the abbreviated coordinate could lead to a lateral
error. Flight crews should conduct a magnetic course and distance check between waypoints
to further verify waypoint coordinates.
- Track and distance check
To minimize oceanic errors, it is important to conduct a magnetic course and distance check
from oceanic entry to oceanic exit. Operators should establish a tolerance such as + 2o and +
2NM. The course and distance check comparing the Master CFP against the LRNS are
critical in detecting errors that may not have been noticed by simply checking coordinates. A
difference of more than 2o between waypoints may be due to a difference of the magnetic
variation in the database versus the variation used in the Master CFP. Any difference outside
the + 2o or + 2NM should be rechecked and verified.
- Upload winds
Some LRNS units allow the crew to upload projected winds. This procedure allows more
accurate reporting of ETAs.
Groundspeed check
The groundspeed should be noted before taxiing the aircraft. Crews should expect the groundspeed
to read zero (0) knots. This procedure is a good practice to detect an error that may be developing in
the LRNS.
Taxi and prior to take-off
Groundspeed check
During taxi to the active runway, pilots should check the groundspeed to see if it is reasonable.
Present Position check
This Present Position check is conducted after leaving the gate. Check for gross difference between
this Present Position and the gate coordinates. This check will alert the crew to possible error in the
　
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