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communications failure procedures that they are for use when a single aircraft suffers an on-board
communications equipment failure. Within the NAT Region and some adjacent domestic airspace (e.g.
NORTH ATLANTIC MNPSA OPERATIONS MANUAL CHAPTER 6
NAT MNPS 33 Edition 2009
Northern Canada), where HF Voice is primarily used for air-ground ATC communications, ionospheric
disturbances resulting in poor radio propagation conditions can also interrupt these communications. While
it is impossible to provide guidance for all situations associated with an HF communications failure, it is,
however, extremely important to differentiate between two distinct circumstances: - firstly, an on-board
communications equipment failure, resulting in an individual aircraft losing HF communications with ATC
and; secondly, the occurrence of poor HF propagation conditions (commonly referred to as “HF Blackouts”),
which can simultaneously interrupt HF air-ground communications for many aircraft over a wide area.
6.6.3 In the case of an on-board communications equipment failure, even though ATC loses
contact with that aircraft, it can anticipate that aircraft‟s actions and, if necessary, modify the profiles of
other aircraft in the same vicinity in order to maintain safe separations.
6.6.4 However, the occurrence of poor HF propagation conditions can simultaneously interrupt HF
air-ground communications for many aircraft over a wide area and ATC may then be unable to make any
interventions to assure safe traffic separations. Notwithstanding the gradual introduction of Datalink and
perhaps SATCOM Voice for regular air-ground ATS communications in the NAT Region, all pilots must
recognise that, pending the mandatory carriage and use of such means, an HF blackout will impact the ability
of ATC to ensure the safe separation of all traffic. Hence, even if using other than HF for regular
communications with ATC, pilots should still exercise appropriate caution when HF blackout
conditions are encountered.
6.6.5 The following procedures are intended to provide general guidance for aircraft which
experience a communications failure while operating in, or proposing to operate in, the NAT Region,. These
procedures are intended to complement and not supersede State procedures/regulations.
General Provisions
1. The pilot of an aircraft experiencing a two-way ATS communications failure should operate the
SSR Transponder on identity Mode A Code 7600 and Mode C.
2. When so equipped, an aircraft should use Satellite Voice Communications to contact the
responsible aeradio station via special telephone numbers/short codes published in State AIPs
(see also “HF Management Guidance Material for the NAT Region”). However, it must be
appreciated that pending further system developments and facility implementations the
capability for Ground(ATC)-initiated calls varies between different NAT OACs
3. If the aircraft is not equipped with SATCOM then the pilot should attempt to use VHF to
contact any (other) ATC facility or another aircraft, inform them of the difficulty, and request
that they relay information to the ATC facility with which communications are intended.
4. The inter-pilot air-to-air VHF frequency, 123.45 MHz, may be used to relay position reports via
another aircraft. (N.B. The emergency frequency 121.5 MHz should not be used to relay regular
communications, but since all NAT traffic is required to monitor the emergency frequency, it
may be used, in these circumstances, to establish initial contact with another aircraft and then
request transfer to the inter-pilot frequency for further contacts).
5. In view of the traffic density in the NAT Region, pilots of aircraft experiencing a two-way ATS
communications failure should broadcast regular position reports on the inter-pilot frequency
(123.45 MHz) until such time as communications are re-established.
Communications Procedures for Use in the Event of an On-board HF Equipment Failure
6.6.6 Use SATCOM voice communications, if so equipped. (See General Provisions 2. above).
NORTH ATLANTIC MNPSA OPERATIONS MANUAL CHAPTER 6
NAT MNPS 34 Edition 2009
6.6.7 If not SATCOM equipped try VHF relay via another aircraft (See General Provisions 3. & 4.
above).
Communications Procedures for Use during Poor HF Propagation Conditions
6.6.8 Poor HF propagation conditions are the result of ionospheric disturbances. These are usually
caused by sun-spot or solar flare activity creating bursts of charged particles in the solar wind which can
spiral down around the Earth‟s magnetic lines of force and distort or disturb the ionised layers in the
stratosphere which are utilised to refract HF radio waves. As with the Aurora Borealis, which is of similar
　
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