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8.8.7 Vent Flame Arrestors .......................................................................................................78
8.8.8 General Tank Condition...................................................................................................78
8.8.9 Evaluation of Results........................................................................................................78
8.9 ACTION PLAN APPROACH........................................................................................................78
8.10 ACTION STATUS AND CONTINUING EFFORTS.........................................................................79
9.0 CONCLUSIONS .....................................................................................................................81
August 4, 2000 Industry AFFSP Report Page v
AAL American Airlines
AAPA Association of Asia Pacific Airlines
ACN Air Canada
AD Airworthiness directive
AEA Association of European Airlines
AECMA Association Europeenne des Constructeurs de Materiel Aerospatiale
AFR Air France
AFSSP Aircraft Fuel System Safety Program
AIA Aerospace Industries Association
AMM Airplane maintenance manual
ANA All Nippon Airways
A/P Airplane
ARAC Aviation Rulemaking Advisory Committee
ASA Alaska Airlines
ATA Air Transport Association
ATA American Trans Air
AWG Airplane working group
BAB British Airways
CAL Continental Airlines
CAN Canadian Air Force
CAT Cathay Pacific Airways
COR Corse Air International
DAL Delta Air Lines
FAA Federal Aviation Administration
FED FedEx
FOD Foreign object debris
FQIS Fuel quantity indication system
FSSLT Fuel System Safety Leadership Team
FTHWG Fuel Tank Harmonization Working Group
HMV Heavy maintenance visit
IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
ISB Inspection service bulletin
JAL Japan Airlines
GLOSSARY
Glossary (continued)
Page vi Industry AFFSP Report August 4, 2000
KLM KLM—Royal Dutch Airlines
LMALC Lockheed Martin Aircraft and Logistics Centers
MLI Magnetic level indicator
NG Next Generation
NPRM Notice of Proposed Rule Making
NTSB National Transportation Safety Board
NWA Northwest Airlines
OEM Original equipment manufacturer
QAN Qantas
SAE Society of Automotive Engineering
SB Service bulletin
SDR Service difficulty report (FAA)
SFAR Special federal aviation regulation (FAA)
SOV Shutoff valve
SIL Service information letter
SWA Southwest Airlines
TC Type certificate
TWA Trans World Airlines
UAL United Airlines
UPS United Parcel Service
USA US Airways
August 4, 2000 Industry AFFSP Report Page 1
1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1.1 Introduction
On July 17, 1996, a Boeing model 747-131 operated by Trans World Airlines, Inc., (TWA)
exploded in flight shortly after takeoff from John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York.
This tragic accident launched the most complicated and comprehensive wreckage recovery,
aircraft reconstruction, and accident investigation in the history of commercial aviation. An
investigation headed by the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) has not, as of this date,
determined the primary cause of the accident. Information gathered from the investigation
suggests that the airplane’s center wing fuel tank exploded. However, the ignition source remains
unidentified.
In the wake of this accident, the collective realization emerged that additional information needed
to be gathered regarding the condition of airplane fuel tank systems in the world fleet. Because
effective action and enlightened regulation both depend on a solid grounding in facts and data, it
became clear that the industry needed to develop a comprehensive understanding of
! How and to what degree the fuel tank systems of the world fleet are aging in service.
! What effects environmental factors such as geographic distribution might have over time on
airplane fuel tank systems.
1.2 About the Aircraft Fuel System Safety Program (AFSSP)
Consequently, the industry in 1997 committed itself to assessing the state of the in-service fleet
around the world. To accomplish this ambitious goal, the AFSSP was formed. Participants in this
voluntary industry program include present and past turbine-powered airliner manufacturers,
airlines, industry organizations, and airworthiness authorities from around the world. The
following mission statement has guided and focused the efforts of the AFSSP:
“Through worldwide industry collaboration, take appropriate action to ensure, maintain,
and enhance the safety of fuel systems throughout the life of the aircraft.”
　
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