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law.You will get an ECAM warning as shown,
and additional messages on the PFD. We will
study them later on.
FLIGHT CONTROLS MENU
Reconfiguration Laws 16/29
Direct law, as the name implies, gives a
direct relationship between side stick
movement and and the deflections of all
surfaces.
In effect, the A320 behaves like a
conventional aircraft and control sensitivity
will depend on airspeed.
FLIGHT CONTROLS MENU
Reconfiguration Laws 17/29
AIR FLOW

In Direct law, there are no
protections available although stall and
over speed warnings will sound at the
appropriate speeds.
Pitch limits
FLIGHT CONTROLS MENU
Reconfiguration Laws 18/29
Auto-trim is not available. The crew
must trim the aircraft manually.
“USE MAN PITCH TRIM” is indicated on the
PFD.
FLIGHT CONTROLS MENU
Reconfiguration Laws 19/29
Auto turn co-ordination and “Dutch roll”
damping are also lost.
All yaw control in direct law is through the
rudder pedals.
FLIGHT CONTROLS MENU
Reconfiguration Laws 20/29
In the worst
case of failures,
such as complete
loss of flight
control computer
power supply, the
aircraft will revert
to mechanical
back-up mode.
FLIGHT CONTROLS MENU Reconfiguration Laws 21/29
In this mode, the only method of control in pitch is
manual adjustment the THS using the pitch trim
wheel, provided either green or yellow Hyd. system is
available.
To indicate this a “MAN PITCH TRIM ONLY”
appears in red on the PFD.
FLIGHT CONTROLS MENU Reconfiguration Laws 22/29
Lateral control is achieved in this mode using
the rudder pedals and their mechanical linkage to
the rudder provided at least one Hyd. system is
available.
FLIGHT CONTROLS MENU
Reconfiguration Laws 23/29
In most cases
(e.g. by resetting
the flight control
computer), you will
be able to recover
from mechanical
backup to either
alternate or direct
law depending on
the type of failure.
We will now see a
brief summary of the
different laws and
their associated
protections.
FLIGHT CONTROLS MENU
Reconfiguration Laws 24/29
AIR FLOW 
Pitch limits
MMaanneeuuvveerrpprrootteeccttiioonn
PPiittcchhaattttiittuuddeepprrootteeccttiioonn
HHiigghhaanngglleeooffaattttaacckkpprrootteeccttiioonn
BBaannkkaanngglleepprrootteeccttiioonn
HHiigghhssppeeeeddpprrootteeccttiioonn
In Normal law, all the
protections are available.
FLIGHT CONTROLS MENU
Reconfiguration Laws 25/29
AIR FLOW 
In Alternate law, the Pitch attitude
protection and the Bank angle protection
are lost.
Maneuver protection is kept. High and
low speed stabilities are introduced.
Pitch limits
MMaanneeuuvveerrpprrootteeccttiioonn
PPiittcchhaattttiittuuddeepprrootteeccttiioonn
HHiigghhssppeeeeddpprrootteeccttiioonn
HHiigghhssppeeeeddssttaabbiilliittyy
LLoowwssppeeeeddssttaabbiilliittyy
HHiigghhaanngglleeooffaattttaacckkpprrootteeccttiioonn
BBaannkkaanngglleepprrootteeccttiioonn
FLIGHT CONTROLS MENU
Reconfiguration Laws 26/29
HHiigghhaanngglleeooffaattttaacckkpprrootteeccttiioonn
AIR FLOW 
In Alternate law without reduced
protections, the High speed and the Low
speed stabilities are also lost.
the only remaining protection is the
Maneuver protection.
Pitch limits
MMaanneeuuvveerrpprrootteeccttiioonn
PPiittcchhaattttiittuuddeepprrootteeccttiioonn
HHiigghhssppeeeeddpprrootteeccttiioonn
HHiigghhssppeeeeddssttaabbiilliittyy
LLoowwssppeeeeddssttaabbiilliittyy
BBaannkkaanngglleepprrootteeccttiioonn
FLIGHT CONTROLS MENU
Reconfiguration Laws 27/29
HHiigghhaanngglleeooffaattttaacckkpprrootteeccttiioonn
AIR FLOW 
In Direct law, all the protections
are lost and the aircraft handles as a
conventional aircraft.
Pitch limits
MMaanneeuuvveerrpprrootteeccttiioonn
PPiittcchhaattttiittuuddeepprrootteeccttiioonn
HHiigghhssppeeeeddpprrootteeccttiioonn
HHiigghhssppeeeeddssttaabbiilliittyy
LLoowwssppeeeeddssttaabbiilliittyy
BBaannkkaanngglleepprrootteeccttiioonn
FLIGHT CONTROLS MENU
Reconfiguration Laws 28/29
In mechanical backup, no protection
exists. The pitch control is performed via
the pitch trim wheel and the lateral
control through the rudder pedals thanks
to their mechanical linkages, provided
the appropriate Hyd. systems are
available.
FLIGHT CONTROLS MENU Reconfiguration Laws 29/29
　
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