曝光臺 注意防騙 網曝天貓店富美金盛家居專營店坑蒙拐騙欺詐消費者

enhancements since human error is involved in
90% of ATM occurrences.
SAFETY ON THE GROUND
It is recognised that the Advanced Surface
Movement Guidance and Control Systems
(A-SMGCS) will greatly improve air traffic
control situational awareness and hence, safety
at airports. To ensure a harmonised and
optimum implementation of these tools, the
EUROCONTROL A-SMGCS project team worked
closely with stakeholders during 2003 to
produce agreed concepts, requirements and
draft ATC procedures. Harmonised transponder
operating procedures were also agreed and
these are being implemented at those airports
that are procuring A-SMGCS.
DOWNLINK OF RESOLUTION ADVICE
In today’s ATC systems, controllers are not systematically
informed when the Airborne
Collision Avoidance System (ACAS) instructs
the pilot to follow a Resolution Advisory (RA).
Resulting contradictory instructions have given
rise to confusion. EATM has launched a project
to examine the use of new communication
features for downlinking the RA for presentation
on the controller’s displays with minimum
delay. In a first exercise involving some 30
European controllers, there was good support
from the controller community for the RA presentation
on their screens.
27
PAGE
EUROPEAN AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT
28
PAGE
CAPACITY
A BUSY YEAR IN AVIATION
The work that has been done in recent years by
the Agency and all parties involved in capacity
enhancement began to bear fruit in 2003. An
analysis for 41 European countries has shown
that 2003 was the busiest year ever on record,
with almost 8.5 million flights, which represented
an increase of 2.8% on 2002. At the same time,
the average air traffic flow management delay
per flight was down 20% when compared to
2002, with an average delay per flight of just 1.7
minutes. 12 September 2003 was the busiest single
day on record with 28,173 flights.
These statistics show, beyond doubt, that the
delay reductions achieved in Europe were due
exclusively to capacity improvements. The
Performance Review Commission (PRC) has also
shown that this resulted in savings of hundreds
of millions of euros for the airline industry.
UNIFORM EUROPEAN AIRSPACE
Whilst the delay data for 2003 has shown that
great strides have been made in capacity
enhancement in recent years,work continues on
the optimisation of the fragmented use of airspace
classifications in European airspace. In
2003 the first significant milestone was achieved
in the ‘EUROCONTROL Airspace Strategy for
ECAC’5.
The work undertaken with Member States, military
authorities and the airspace user organisations
resulted in an agreement that the common
division Level for airspace throughout the ECAC
States would be Flight Level (FL) 195 and that the
Airspace Classification above that level would be
ICAO Class C airspace6. In addition, harmonised
access rules were agreed for VFR (Visual Flight
Rules) flights in this airspace.
On 27 November 2003, less than two years after
EUROCONTROL's Commission endorsed the
Airspace Strategy, 29 of the 40 participating
States implemented the common division Level
of FL 195, with ICAO Class C airspace above this
level. All but three of the remaining ECAC States
are expected to implement the same airspace
structure during 2004. This achievement represents
a significant contribution in facilitating the
Single European Sky Regulations, improving
safety by reducing confusion about airspace classification
rules for those airspace users flying
across Europe, and has the potential for improving
air traffic management efficiency through
transparency of international airspace boundaries.
MAKING THE ATS ROUTE NETWORK WORK
In parallel with the work on airspace classification,
route network development activities
continued at a rapid pace with a total of 83 Air
Traffic Services (ATS) route network improvements
effected during 2003 throughout the
ECAC area. In March, a new ATS route structure
over the North Sea was introduced to accommodate
new military areas required for the
Eurofighter aircraft.
In November, an optimised ATS route structure
affecting Germany, France and the Benelux areas
came into effect due to other changes in military
airspace.
In southern Europe, new ATS routes were implemented
in December, strengthening the interface
between Greece, Turkey and neighbouring
States in preparation for the 2004 Olympic
Games.
　
中國航空網 m.k6050.com
航空翻譯 www.aviation.cn
本文鏈接地址：EUROCONTROL Annual Report 2003(12)