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together a Strategic Safety Action Plan (SSAP)
to address a series of issues, which span all
aspects of ATM.
A critical factor in aviation safety is that of incident
reporting and data sharing, based mainly
on the reporting of incidents by air traffic controllers
and pilots.When an incident occurs – as
in other safety-critical industries – it is important
to learn from that incident to ensure continued
improvement in safety. At the same
time, one of the greatest impediments to good
incident reporting is fear of legal consequences.
It is precisely this type of no-win situation that
the SSAP aims to address. In consequence, in
2003 EATM addressed the need to create a “noblame”
culture within which – in clearly defined
cases – ATC personnel are granted immunity
from systematic prosecution for ATM incidents.
EATM, working in cooperation with the
European Commission, recommended that
Member States adapt national legislation in
order to eliminate or mitigate the effects that
legal impediments have on the open reporting
of ATM incidents.
On the more specific issue of runway safety
work, a joint effort between EUROCONTROL, air
navigation service providers, airport and airline
operators, national regulators and aviation
associations, has produced the European
Action Plan for the Prevention of Runway Incursions.
Early indications show that organisations
that start implementations experience a drop
in the actual number of runway incursions. As a
consequence of the recommendations in this
plan, national regulators are leading the initiative
to establish local runway safety teams at
designated airports. Teams have been set up to
analyse incident data and provide preventative
solutions to hazards at and around airports. An
awareness CD-ROM was produced and widely
distributed across the European regions.
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SAFETY CASES
In addition to individual safety cases that
are conducted on a regular basis within the
scope of each implementation programme at
European level, EUROCONTROL was requested
to conduct some additional safety cases for
local projects. Safety cases were conducted for
the Terminal Area at Stockholm airport in
Sweden. This was the first time EUROCONTROL
had been involved in safety analysis for terminals.
A safety case was also conducted at Nattenheim,
Germany. A highly complex airspace with traffic
streams in various directions. This is one of the
busiest areas in Europe, involving six States:
Belgium, France, Germany, Luxembourg,
Switzerland and the Netherlands.
POST-IMPLEMENTATION SAFETY
Reduced Vertical Separation Minima (RVSM),
8.33kHz, and Airborne Collision Avoidance
System (ACAS) were all crucial contributors –
not just to safety – but to capacity and efficiency
within ATM. As technology advances however
and new systems are introduced, it is important
to ensure that current system reliability is
not violated or compromised. Post-implementation
performance monitoring is therefore an
important task in safety management. Ongoing
monitoring is also important and a post-implementation
safety case for RVSM was initiated.
Using the first 18 months of flight data under
the new system, the analysis of RVSM safety
was updated. Results will be published in 2004.
THE HUMAN FACTOR
Human performance is a fundamental element
in safety. The deadline for implementation of
ESARR5 Edition 1.0, which introduces safety
regulatory requirements for air traffic control
personnel, expired in November 2003. The
EATM Human Factors activities complemented
the regulatory requirements through its
Human Resources Programme.
The EATM Human Resources Programme (HRS)
provides a harmonised toolbox of guidelines,
methods and tools, and reference material for
the management of human issues in ATM. The
programme promotes harmonisation and best
practices in the areas of human factors, training
and manpower.
The development, testing and validation phase
of all HRS deliverables was finalised at the end
of 2003, on time, and within budget. The introduction
of these products across Europe will
take place between 2004 and 2007. The implementation
will help States to meet ESARR5
requirements, especially those for a uniform
minimum standard of training for the licensing
air traffic controllers. It will also help to achieve
agreed common actions to improve the performance
of European ATM. Specific human
factors products will contribute to safety
　
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本文鏈接地址：EUROCONTROL Annual Report 2003(11)