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conditions within the next 2 hours. A CWA may
modify or redefine a SIGMET.
(See AWW.)
(See AIRMET.)
(See CONVECTIVE SIGMET.)
(See SIGMET.)
(Refer to AIM.)
Pilot/Controller Glossary 2/14/08
PCG C-2
CENTRAL EAST PACIFIC- An organized route
system between the U.S. West Coast and Hawaii.
CEP-
(See CENTRAL EAST PACIFIC.)
CERAP-
(See COMBINED CENTER‐RAPCON.)
CERTIFIED TOWER RADAR DISPLAY (CTRD)-
A FAA radar display certified for use in the NAS.
CFR-
(See CALL FOR RELEASE.)
CHAFF- Thin, narrow metallic reflectors of various
lengths and frequency responses, used to reflect radar
energy. These reflectors when dropped from aircraft
and allowed to drift downward result in large targets
on the radar display.
CHARTED VFR FLYWAYS- Charted VFR Flyways
are flight paths recommended for use to bypass
areas heavily traversed by large turbine‐powered
aircraft. Pilot compliance with recommended
flyways and associated altitudes is strictly voluntary.
VFR Flyway Planning charts are published on the
back of existing VFR Terminal Area charts.
CHARTED VISUAL FLIGHT PROCEDURE
APPROACH- An approach conducted while
operating on an instrument flight rules (IFR) flight
plan which authorizes the pilot of an aircraft to
proceed visually and clear of clouds to the airport via
visual landmarks and other information depicted on
a charted visual flight procedure. This approach must
be authorized and under the control of the appropriate
air traffic control facility. Weather minimums
required are depicted on the chart.
CHASE- An aircraft flown in proximity to another
aircraft normally to observe its performance during
training or testing.
CHASE AIRCRAFT-
(See CHASE.)
CIRCLE‐TO‐LAND MANEUVER- A maneuver
initiated by the pilot to align the aircraft with a
runway for landing when a straight‐in landing from
an instrument approach is not possible or is not
desirable. At tower controlled airports, this maneuver
is made only after ATC authorization has been
obtained and the pilot has established required visual
reference to the airport.
(See CIRCLE TO RUNWAY.)
(See LANDING MINIMUMS.)
(Refer to AIM.)
CIRCLE TO RUNWAY (RUNWAY NUMBER)-
Used by ATC to inform the pilot that he/she must
circle to land because the runway in use is other than
the runway aligned with the instrument approach
procedure. When the direction of the circling
maneuver in relation to the airport/runway is
required, the controller will state the direction (eight
cardinal compass points) and specify a left or right
downwind or base leg as appropriate; e.g., “Cleared
VOR Runway Three Six Approach circle to Runway
Two Two,” or “Circle northwest of the airport for a
right downwind to Runway Two Two.”
(See CIRCLE‐TO‐LAND MANEUVER.)
(See LANDING MINIMUMS.)
(Refer to AIM.)
CIRCLING APPROACH-
(See CIRCLE‐TO‐LAND MANEUVER.)
CIRCLING MANEUVER-
(See CIRCLE‐TO‐LAND MANEUVER.)
CIRCLING MINIMA-
(See LANDING MINIMUMS.)
CLASS A AIRSPACE-
(See CONTROLLED AIRSPACE.)
CLASS B AIRSPACE-
(See CONTROLLED AIRSPACE.)
CLASS C AIRSPACE-
(See CONTROLLED AIRSPACE.)
CLASS D AIRSPACE-
(See CONTROLLED AIRSPACE.)
CLASS E AIRSPACE-
(See CONTROLLED AIRSPACE.)
CLASS G AIRSPACE- That airspace not designated
as Class A, B, C, D or E.
CLEAR AIR TURBULENCE (CAT)- Turbulence
encountered in air where no clouds are present. This
term is commonly applied to high‐level turbulence
associated with wind shear. CAT is often encountered
in the vicinity of the jet stream.
(See WIND SHEAR.)
(See JET STREAM.)
CLEAR OF THE RUNWAYa.
Taxiing aircraft, which is approaching a
runway, is clear of the runway when all parts of the
2/14/08 Pilot/Controller Glossary
PCG C-3
aircraft are held short of the applicable runway
holding position marking.
b. A pilot or controller may consider an aircraft,
which is exiting or crossing a runway, to be clear of
the runway when all parts of the aircraft are beyond
the runway edge and there are no restrictions to its
continued movement beyond the applicable runway
holding position marking.
c. Pilots and controllers shall exercise good
judgement to ensure that adequate separation exists
between all aircraft on runways and taxiways at
airports with inadequate runway edge lines or
holding position markings.
CLEARANCE-
(See AIR TRAFFIC CLEARANCE.)
CLEARANCE LIMIT- The fix, point, or location to
　
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