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The next generation of CZ rockets, the CZ-5 series, is currently under development and is expected to enter service by 2014. The CZ-5 is being manufactured in Tianjin and will be delivered by sea to the Wenchang Space Launch Center, which is currently under construction on Hainan Island. The CZ-5 will use nontoxic fuels and is intended to be able to lift 25-metric-ton payloads into LEO and 14-ton payloads into GEO (“Long March 5 [CZ-5] Series,” 2010).
The Kaituozhe is a solid-fuel rocket based on the Dongfeng-21 ballistic missile. Development of the launch vehicle began in 2000. Three versions—KT-1, KT-2, and KT-2A—are reportedly in develop-ment. The KT-1 is believed to have flown at least five times, but at least two of the test flights were failures (“Kaituozhe Series,” 2010). At one time, the launch vehicle’s manufacturer, China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation (CASIC), was actively marketing the Kaituozhe, but as of October 2010, no reference to it could be found on CASIC’s website.
Satellites
Communications Satellites
Currently, about nine operational commercial communications satel-lites are owned and operated by organizations based in mainland China (another two or three are owned and operated by companies based in Hong Kong). Only two of these satellites, however, were manufactured by Chinese companies. China also operates two military communica-tions satellites and one data-relay satellite, all of which were manufac-tured by Chinese companies (“UCS Satellite Database”).
Dongfanghong 3
Dongfanghong (“East is Red”) 3 (DFH 3) is a medium-capacity com-munications satellite built by the Chinese Academy of Space Technol-ogy (CAST), a subsidiary of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC), a state-owned company. The first DFH 3 was orbited in 1994 (“Long March [Chang Zheng],” 2010). Four satellites based on this design are currently in operation: ChinaSat 5C, a com-mercial communications satellite; Fenghuo and Shentong, military communications satellites; and Tianlian, a data-relay satellite.
ChinaSat 5C, formerly known as Sinosat 3 or Xinnuo 3, was launched on May 31, 2007. It is operated by China Satellite Commu-nications Corporation (China Satcom), a subsidiary of CASC, and car-ries 10 C-band transponders that provide television services through-out China (“ChinaSat 5C”).
Fenghuo and Shentong are dedicated military communications satellites. Fenghuo, officially known as Zhongxing 22 or China-Sat 22, was reportedly developed by CAST to support a theater-level command, control, communications, and intelligence network called Qudian. The first Fenghuo satellite, Fenghuo 1, was launched in Jan-uary 2000. A replacement, Fenghuo 1A (Zhongxing 22A/ChinaSat 22A), was launched in September 2006. The original Fenghuo appears to no longer be functional. Fenghuo 1A provides secure voice and data communications (“Feng Huo [Zhongxing 2X/ShenTong Series],” 2010; “UCS Satellite Database”).
　
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