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airport. The components of a typical traffic pattern are: upwind leg, crosswind leg, downwind leg, base leg,
and final approach.
T/R. (transformer/rectifier). A component in a large aircraft electrical system used to reduce the AC
voltage and change it into DC for charging the battery and operating DC equipment in the aircraft.
track (helicopter rotor blade condition). The path followed by the blade tips of a helicopter rotor as they
rotate.
track (propeller). The path followed by a blade segment of a propeller in one rotation.
tracking flag (helicopter maintenance tool). A white cotton flag mounted in line with a wooden pole and
attached at both ends. Colored transfer marks are made on the blade tips, and the tracking flag is carefully
moved against the tips of the blades as the helicopter is held near a hover. The colored chalk transfers to the
tracking flag to show the relative vertical position of the blade tips as they rotate.
tracking reflectors (helicopter maintenance tool). Small colored reflectors installed on the tip of a
helicopter rotor to aid in checking the track of the blades. A spotlight is shone on the tip of the rotor, and as
it reflects off the reflectors, it shows up as bars of colored light. The bars caused by both reflectors must be
superimposed for the rotor blades to be in track.
tracking stick (helicopter maintenance tool). A stick with a rubber wick attached to its end. The wick is
coated with Prussian blue dye and is raised up until it touches the rotor blade while the rotor system is
turning at the prescribed speed. When the helicopter is shut down, the blades are examined, and the blade
riding the lowest in its track will have a blue mark on it.
tractor engine. An engine installed on an aircraft in such a way that the propeller faces the front of the
Printed from Summit Aviation's Computerized Aviation Reference Library, 2/7/2007
Page 591
aircraft. Thrust produced by the propeller mounted on a tractor engine pulls the aircraft through the air.
tractor propeller (airplane propeller). A propeller mounted on an airplane in such a way that its thrust
pulls the airplane through the air. Most modern airplanes use tractor propellers.
trade winds (meteorology). Winds that always blow in the same general direction. In the northern
hemisphere, the trade winds blow toward the equator from the northeast. In the southern hemisphere, they
blow toward the equator from the southeast. Trade winds are caused by the rotation of the earth and by the
friction between the surface of the earth and the air.
traffic pattern (airport operation). A published route prescribed for aircraft to fly when approaching or
leaving an airport. The possibility of in-flight collision is minimized by all aircraft in the vicinity of the
airport using a specified traffic pattern.
14 CFR Part 1: “The traffic flow that is prescribed for aircraft landing at, taxiing on, or taking off
from, an airport.”
trailing edge (aircraft structure). The back edge of an airfoil, such as a wing, a helicopter rotor, or a
propeller blade. It is the edge that passes through the air last.
trailing edge (electrical pulse). The part of an electrical pulse that occurs last. In a pulse whose voltage is
higher than the reference voltage, the trailing edge is the part of the pulse where the voltage goes from the
high value back to the reference value.
trailing edge flap (airplane secondary control). Flaps mounted on the trailing edge of an airplane wing.
Trailing edge flaps are extended in flight to increase the camber of the airfoil section. This increases both
the lift and the drag produced by the airfoil.
trailing finger (magneto distributor component). A second finger installed on the rotor of some aircraft
magneto distributors. High voltage from an induction vibrator flows to the spark plugs through the trailing
finger to produce a hot and late spark in the cylinder when the engine is being started.
tram (verb). The procedure used to square up the Pratt truss used in an airplane wing. Trammel points are
set on the trammel bar so they measure the distance between the center of the front spar, at the inboard
compression strut, and the center of the rear spar at the next compression strut outboard.
The drag and antidrag wires are adjusted until the distance between the center of the rear spar at
the inboard compression strut and the center of the front spar at the next outboard compression strut is
exactly the same as that between the first points measured.
trammel bar. A wood or metal bar on which trammel points are mounted to compare distances.
trammel points (aircraft maintenance tool). A set of sharp-pointed pins that protrude from the side of a
long wood or metal bar (a trammel bar). A trammel bar is used to tram, or square up, the Pratt truss used in
　
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