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and polished, cone-shaped steel races. Tapered roller bearings take thrust loads as well as radial loads.
tapered-shank drill. A form of twist drill normally used in a large drill press or a lathe. The shank of the
drill is tapered and is held in the spindle by friction. The drill is removed by forcing it out with a tapered
wedge driven through an opening in the spindle.
taper tap (thread-cutting tool). A type of thread-cutting tap used to start the threads in a hole. The first six
or seven threads on the end of the tap are ground in the form of a taper so the tap can easily enter the hole.
tap extractor. A tool used to remove a broken tap from a hole. Taps are made of very hard and brittle steel
and they can be broken off in the hole being tapped. The tap extractor has a series of fingers that can be
stuck down into the hole through the flutes in the tap. When the tap extractor is turned with a wrench, the
fingers turn the tap and screw it out of the hole.
tapped resistor (electrical component). A type of wire-wound resistor with connections made to the
resistance wire at points between its ends. The connection to the resistance wire is permanent in some
tapped resistors, but other resistors have a section of the wire left bare. A clamp can be moved to a point
where it contacts the wire at the correct point to furnish the desired resistance. The clamp is then tightened.
tappet (reciprocating engine component). The component in the valve train of a reciprocating engine that
rides on the lobes of the cam shaft or cam ring and pushes against the pushrod. A tappet is called a cam
follower. In many reciprocating engines, the tappet incorporates a hydraulic valve lifter that automatically
adjusts for the changes in the length of the valve train mechanism caused by temperature changes.
tare weight (aircraft weight and balance). The weight of all the chocks and other items used to secure an
aircraft on the scales for weighing. The tare weight must be subtracted from the scale reading to find the
weight of the aircraft.
target (radar technology). Any of the many objects detected by radar.
target blade (helicopter rotor blade). The blade of a helicopter rotor identified as the reference blade
when the rotor is being electronically checked for balance.
tarmac. The British name for a hard-surfaced area on an airport where aircraft are tied down and serviced.
The term tarmac comes from tarmacadam, a mixture of tar and crushed stone, often used as the surfacing
material.
Printed from Summit Aviation's Computerized Aviation Reference Library, 2/7/2007
Page 572
tarnish. A dull surface which forms on some types of metal when oxygen in the air changes some of the
metal into its oxides. Polished aluminum, for example, tarnishes, or turns dull, when aluminum oxide forms
on its surface.
tarpaulin. A large piece of heavy, waterproof canvas, fitted along its edges with eyelets. Ropes can be tied
through the eyelets to hold the tarpaulin tight over whatever device it is protecting.
TAS. True airspeed. See true airspeed.
tautening dope (aircraft finishing material). A finishing material brushed or sprayed on the fabric used
to cover the framework of an aircraft. Aircraft dope has a film base of cotton fibers dissolved in certain
acids and mixed with solvents and thinners. Plasticizers are mixed into the dope to give it resilience and
keep it from being brittle.
When the dope is put on the fabric, it encapsulates, or surrounds, the fibers of the cloth, and as it
dries, it shrinks and pulls the fibers close together. This shrinks, or tautens, the fabric on the framework.
Some inorganic fabrics used to cover aircraft are shrunk with heat, and a special nontautening dope must be
used with them. Nontautening dope does not shrink as much as tautening dope as it dries.
taxi (aircraft operation). To move an aircraft along the ground or water under its own power, at a slow
speed. An aircraft is taxied from an airport terminal to the runway, where it takes off.
“Taxi into position and hold” (air traffic control). A phrase used by ATC to inform a pilot to taxi onto
the departure runway in takeoff position and hold. It is not authorization for takeoff. This instruction is used
when takeoff clearance cannot immediately be issued because of traffic or other reasons.
taxi light (aircraft external light). A light, similar to the landing light, installed on an aircraft in such a
way that it illuminates the runway or taxiway when the aircraft is on the ground in its normal attitude for
taxiing.
taxiway (part of an airport). A paved strip that parallels the runways.
Aircraft move along the taxiways from the terminal to the end of the runway so they will not
interfere with aircraft using the runway for takeoff and landing.
　
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