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waypoint (aerial navigation). The location on a navigational chart to which a VORTAC station has been
electronically moved by an Area Navigation (RNAV) system. A waypoint is located by keying in the radial
from the VORTAC station on which the waypoint is to be located, and the distance in nautical miles from
the station along the selected radial.
By using waypoints, rather than flying directly to the physical station, a flight can be made in a
straight line, and radio navigation can be used directly to a destination having no radio facility. A waypoint
may be defined relative to a VORTAC station or in terms of latitude/longitude coordinates.
wear pads (aircraft brake component). Steel pads riveted to the surface of the stationary disks of a
multiple-disk brake. These pads wear away by the abrasive action of the sintered material on the rotating
disks as the brake is used. It is more economical to replace the wear pads than to replace an entire disk.
weather. The state of the atmosphere, mainly with respect to its effects on life and human activities.
Weather differs from climate in that it refers to instantaneous conditions or short-term changes.
weather advisory. An expression of hazardous weather conditions not predicted in the area forecast, as
they affect the operation of air traffic and as prepared by the National Weather Service.
weber. The basic unit of magnetic flux. One weber is the amount of magnetic flux in one turn of wire
needed to produce one volt of electrical pressure, when the current flowing through the wire is reduced
evenly at the rate of one ampere per second.
web of a beam. The part of a structural beam between the caps. A beam is designed in such a way that a
bending load is carried as a tensile load in one of the caps and a compressive load in the other. The web
between the two caps is subjected to a shear load much lower than the tensile or the compressive load. The
web of a structural beam is usually thinner than either of the caps.
wedge. A triangular body forced into an opening to enlarge the opening, or to separate the sides of the
opening. A wedge is a form of inclined plane.
weft threads. See fill threads.
Printed from Summit Aviation's Computerized Aviation Reference Library, 2/7/2007
Page 628
weighing points (aircraft weight and balance). Locations on an aircraft, designated by the manufacturer,
for the placement of the scales or load capsules when the aircraft is being weighed.
weight. A measure of the force of gravity acting upon a body. Weight and mass are often used
interchangeably, but they are not the same thing. Mass is the amount of material in a body and does not
consider the effect of gravity acting on it. Weight does take into consideration the effect of gravity acting
on the mass.
weight and balance record (aircraft record). The record kept in an aircraft that gives the pilot or flight
engineer an accurate account of the total weight of the aircraft and the location of its center of gravity. If
the aircraft weight is too great, or if the center of gravity falls outside the allowable limits, the aircraft is not
safe to fly.
weld bead. The ridge of metal left along the seam where two pieces of metal are joined by welding. The
ridge, caused by the metal from the welding rod, increases the strength of the joint.
welding. A method of joining pieces of metal by fusion. The pieces to be joined are placed next to each
other, and the surfaces between the two pieces are melted and allowed to flow together. The heat used to
melt the edges is produced by a gas flame, an electric arc, or an extremely hot stream of plasma (ionized
particles that act as a gas).
Most welds are reinforced by adding filler metal to the puddle of molten metal to build up the area
where the pieces are joined.
welding flux. A material that melts and flows over the surface of metal being welded. Flux produces an
airtight seal which prevents oxygen reaching the surface of the hot metal and forming an oxide film. Oxides
on the metal contaminate the weld.
Western Union splice (wire splice). A type of wire splice used to join two pieces of solid copper wire. The
insulation is removed from the ends of the two pieces of wire, and the wires are scraped clean of all oxide
coating. The wires are crossed and each end is wrapped around other wire; then the joint is coated with
molten solder and insulated with tape.
wet-bulb temperature. Temperature measured with a thermometer enclosed in a cloth wick, saturated with
water. Evaporation of the water lowers the temperature measured by this thermometer.
Relative humidity of the air is found by comparing the wet-bulb temperature with the dry-bulb
temperature, which is not affected by evaporation.
wet-sump engine (lubrication system classification). An aircraft engine that carries its supply of
　
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