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transmission line that are caused by two waves, identical in amplitude and frequency, but traveling in
opposite directions along the conductor.
“Stand by” (air traffic control). A phrase used by ATC meaning that the controller or pilot must pause for
a few seconds, usually to attend to other duties of a higher priority. It also means to wait, as in “stand by for
clearance.” The phrase “stand by” is neither an approval nor denial.
standpipe. A pipe protruding upward from the bottom of a tank, or reservoir, that allows part of the tank to
be used as a reserve, or standby, source of fluid. The oil supply tanks for some aircraft engines have a
standpipe in them. The main engine-driven oil pump is supplied from the standpipe, and emergency oil to
feather the propeller is taken from the bottom of the tank. If an oil leak causes a loss of all of the oil the
engine pump can move, there is still enough oil left in the tank to feather the propeller.
staple (fastener). A U-shaped wire loop with sharp points on both ends. Staples are used to fasten wires to
a wooden post or wall, and to fasten sheets of paper together.
staple (textile material). The average length of the fibers of a textile material. Cotton, for example, is
classified as either long staple or short staple, depending upon the length of the cotton fibers.
stapler. A tool for driving staples through a piece of wood or a stack of paper.
starboard side. The right side of an aircraft or ship as viewed looking forward.
STAR (standard terminal arrival). A preplanned instrument flight rule (IFR) air traffic control arrival
procedure published for pilot use in graphic and/or textual form. STARs provide transition from the en
route structure to an outer fix or an instrument approach fix/arrival waypoint in the terminal area.
STAR charts (Standard Terminal Arrival charts). Aeronautical charts designed to expedite air traffic
control route procedures and to facilitate transition between en route and instrument approach procedures.
starter (engine component). A device used with either a gas turbine engine or a reciprocating engine that
can be coupled to the engine to turn it over fast enough for it to start and run normally.
starter-generator. A combination electrical component installed on some small gas turbine engines. The
starter-generator acts as a motor to start the engine, and after it is running, electrical relays change the
circuitry inside the unit so it functions as a generator.
starting torque (electric motor characteristic). The amount of torque produced by an electric motor
when the rotor first begins to turn. Series-wound motors have a high starting torque, and shunt-wound
motors have a low starting torque.
start winding (induction motor winding). An auxiliary winding in parallel with the run winding in the
stator of a single-phase induction motor. The phase of the current in the start winding is different from that
in the run winding. When current is flowing through both windings, a rotating magnetic field is produced
which causes the rotor to turn. As soon as the rotor reaches a predetermined speed, a centrifugal switch
opens the start winding, and the motor operates on the run windings alone.
Printed from Summit Aviation's Computerized Aviation Reference Library, 2/7/2007
Page 555
state of charge (battery condition). The condition of a storage battery with regard to the amount of charge
in it. The state of charge of a lead-acid battery can be determined by measuring the specific gravity of the
electrolyte, but the state of charge of a nickel-cadmium battery can be determined only by completely
discharging it and measuring the amount of charge put back into it.
static. Still, not moving
static balance (aircraft control surface). A condition of balance of an aircraft control surface in which the
surface balances about its hinge line. Lead weights are often installed in parts of the surface ahead of the
hinge line to balance the surface. Controls are statically balanced to prevent control-surface flutter.
static charge (electrical charge). The electrical charge on a body caused by an accumulation of electrons
on one part of the body and a deficiency of electrons on another part. The part having the excess of
electrons has a negative charge, and the part with the deficiency of electrons has a positive charge.
static discharger. A device attached to an aircraft control surface to discharge static electricity into the air.
Static electricity builds up as air flows across the surface. If it were not discharged, it could build up high
enough to cause a spark to jump between the surface and the main structure. Sparks of this type cause radio
interference.
Some static dischargers use carbon-impregnated cotton wicks to pick up the static electricity and
　
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