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the other.
wing-tip vortices (aircraft operation). Tornado-like disturbances produced at the wing tips any time an
airplane wing is producing lift. When a wing produces lift, the air pressure on top of the wing is much
lower than the pressure below the wing, and the high-pressure air below the wing spills over to the top at
the tip, producing a tight spiral, or vortex, of wind.
Wing-tip vortices settle below the airplane, and those produced by heavy airplanes can cause
lighter aircraft flying into them to be thrown out of control.
wink Zyglo. See blink Zyglo.
wiper (electrical component). The movable contact in a potentiometer, rheostat, or wafer-type switch. The
wiper is controlled by rotating the shaft that extends through the center of the device, and as the wiper is
rotated, it makes contact with a part of the resistance element or with one of the fixed contacts of the
switch.
wire braid. A woven, flexible metal covering placed over electrical wiring that carries alternating current.
Energy radiated from the wire is intercepted by the braid and carried to ground, rather than allowing it to
cause radio interference.
wire bundle (aircraft electrical system component). A group of electrical wires routed through a
compartment of the aircraft. The wires are grouped together and secured with nylon straps or lacing cord
into a compact bundle, and the bundle is secured to the aircraft structure with cushioned clamps.
wire cloth. A screen made by weaving wire into a sheet.
wire edge (sheet metal defect). A sharp burr that forms on the edge of a sheet of metal when it is cut with
a dull shear.
wireless. The British term that means the same as “radio,” used in the United States.
wire stripper (electrical maintenance tool). A tool used to remove insulation from an electrical wire
without nicking or otherwise damaging the strands.
wire-wound resistor (electrical component). An electrical resistor made by winding a strip or ribbon of
Printed from Summit Aviation's Computerized Aviation Reference Library, 2/7/2007
Page 632
high-resistance metal or high-resistance wire around an insulating core. Connections are made to both ends
of the resistance element, which is then covered with a baked-on ceramic material.
W/M injection (turbine engine thrust augmentation). A system in which a mixture of water and
methanol (methyl alcohol) is injected into the compressor inlet and/or the combustion chamber of a turbine
engine.
The W/M injection increases the thrust by increasing the mass of the air flowing through the
engine. It also cools the gases flowing through the turbine so more fuel can be burned before reaching the
limiting turbine inlet temperature. W/M injection is not used on modern turbine engines.
wobble pump (fluid pump). A type of hand-operated pump used to move a fluid such as gasoline or oil.
The handle of a wobble pump is attached to a flat plate inside a housing that is equipped with four
flapper-type check valves. Moving the handle back and forth (wobbling it) pulls fluid into one side of the
pump and forces it out the other side.
Wood’s metal. The registered trade name for an alloy of bismuth, lead, tin, and cadmium. Wood’s metal
melts at 158°F.
woodruff key. A hardened steel key made in the shape of a half circle. The rounded side of the key fits into
a semicircular keyway cut into a shaft. The flat end fits into a slot cut into a wheel or disk mounted on the
shaft. The key prevents the wheel or disk from turning on the shaft.
woof threads. See fill threads.
work. A physical measurement of force used to produce movement. Work is the product of the amount of
force applied to an object, multiplied by the distance the force causes the object to move, and is measured
in such units as foot-pounds, joules, and meter-kilograms.
work hardening (metal condition). A method of hardening and strengthening metal that cannot be
hardened by heat treatment. When the metal is hammered, rolled, bent, or stretched, it becomes work
hardened.
working drawings. The classification of drawings that includes detail drawings, assembly drawings, and
installation drawings.
working voltage (capacitor rating). The maximum amount of DC voltage that can safely be applied
across the plates of a capacitor.
worm gear. A helical gear mounted on a shaft and meshed with a spur gear whose teeth are cut at an angle
to its face. A worm gear is an irreversible type of mechanism. Rotating the shaft on which the worm gear is
mounted rotates the spur gear, but the worm gear locks the spur gear so its shaft cannot be rotated.
wrench. A hand tool used to turn threaded fasteners such as bolts and nuts. A wrench has a slot or a
hexagonal-shaped hole that fits over the head of the fastener and a handle to which a force is applied to turn
　
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