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approach uses a specified duration per sheet (eg. per 30 minutes). Thus, it still gives
crude temporal patterns across long cycles, and allows analysis of relationships
between variables.
If location is a critical variable, an alternative approach to the check sheet is to use an
actual map. The observer simply marks the map with a behaviour or an individual
code at each interval. This allows analysis of the efficiency of movement, task and/or
individual locations.
Project: The Effect of BCSS on Workload Date:
31/03/2003 Time: 1300-1330
Observer: VM Subject: OPS Cell Phase: No BCSS Trial
Number: 3
Interval Beh. 1 Beh. 2 Beh. 3 Beh. 4 Beh. 5 Other Not
Visible
Comments
0:00:30
0:01:00
0:01:30
0:02:00
0:02:30
0:03:00
0:03:30
0:04:00
0:04:30
0:05:00
Total 2 2 0 2 0 3 1 10 scans
Percent 20% 20% 0 20% 0 30% 10% 100%
Figure 1. Data sheet used for scan sampling of mutually exclusive and exhaustive specific behaviours.
Note that each interval has a tick, and there is only one per row. Also, the sheet contains detail on
project, date, time, observer, subject, phase, and trial number.
DSTO-TR-1034
14
Project: The Effect of BCSS on Workload Date:
31/03/2003 Time: 1300-1330
Observer: VM Subject: OPS Cell Phase: No BCSS Trial
Number: 3
Location Behaviour
Interval Loc. 1 Loc. 2 Loc. 3 Beh. 1 Beh. 2 Beh. 3
Not
Visible Comments
0:00:30
0:01:00
0:01:30
0:02:00
0:02:30
0:03:00
0:03:30
0:04:00
0:04:30
0:05:00
Total 2 2 5 2 1 2 1 15 scans
Percent 20% 20% 50% 20% 10% 20% 10%
Figure 2. Data sheet used for recording mixed scan categories. At each interval, either a location or
“not visible” is recorded (mutually exclusive and exhaustive). One of the behaviours may also be
checked.
Project: The Effect of BCSS on Workload Date:
31/03/2003 Time: 1300-1330
Observer: VM Subject: OPS Cell Phase: No BCSS Trial
Number: 3
Time Beh. 1 Beh. 2 Beh. 3 Beh. 4 Beh. 6 Beh. 7 Other Comments
0:00:30
0:01:00
0:01:30
0:02:00
0:02:30
0:03:00
0:03:30
0:04:00
0:04:30
0:05:00
Total 4 1 4 3 0 1 3 = 16 onsets
Figure 3. Data sheet used for recording behaviour frequencies of specific behaviours. Each time the
onset of a behaviour is observed, a tick is recorded in the relevant time interval. Multiple observations
can occur per interval, and some rows may have no data as no new onsets have occurred.
Project: The Effect of BCSS on Workload Date:
31/03/2003 Time: 1300-1330
Observer: VM Subject: OPS Cell Phase: No BCSS Trial
Number: 3
Scan Continuous Frequency
Interval Beh. 1 Beh. 2 Beh. 3 Beh. 1 Beh. 2 Beh. 3
Not
Visible Comments
0:00:30
0:01:00
0:01:30
0:02:00
0:02:30
0:03:00
0:03:30
0:04:00
0:04:30
0:05:00
Total 2 3 5 2 7 3
Percent 20% 30% 50%
Figure 4. Mixed sampling data sheet for recording scan and continuous data. Scan data are recorded at
the beginning of the interval, and continuous data are recorded throughout the interval.
DSTO-TR-1034
15
Project: The Effect of BCSS on Workload Date:
31/03/2003 Time: 1300-1330
Observer: VM Subject: OPS Cell Phase: No BCSS Trial
Number: 3
Time Beh. 1 Beh. 2 Beh. 3 Beh. 4 Beh. 6 Beh. 7 Other Comments
0:00:30 1 1 0 0 0 1 0
0:01:00 0 0 0 0 1 1 0
0:01:30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0:02:00 0 1 1 0 0 1 1
0:02:30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0:03:00 0 0 1 1 0 0 0
0:03:30 1 1 0 0 0 0 1
0:04:00 0 1 1 1 1 1 1
0:04:30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0:05:00 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
Total 3 5 3 2 2 4 3
Percent 30% 50% 30% 20% 20% 40% 30%
Figure 5. Data sheet for recording one-zero interval. A “1” is entered if the behaviour is observed at
any frequency during the interval. Rather than being a true percentage of behaviour levels, this gives a
measure of the percentage of time in which the behaviour was observed.
Project: The Effect of BCSS on Workload
Date: 31/03/2003 Time: 1300-1330
Observer: VM Subject: OPS Cell Phase: No BCSS
Trial Number: 3
Interval Behaviour coded in sequence Comments
0:00:30 ACFD
0:01:00 ADDFG
0:01:30 BBCBA
0:02:00 A
0:02:30 A
0:03:00 CBCA
0:03:30 DEDFGEE
0:04:00 AABAB
0:04:30 GEEA
0:05:00 CBCA
Figure 6. Data sheet for recording sequences of behaviour
3.11 Replication and Inter-Observer Reliability
A critical component of observational data collection is inter-observer reliability. The
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