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d. VOR/DME/TACAN Standard Service
Volumes (SSV).
1. Standard service volumes (SSVs) are graphically
shown in FIG 1-1-1, FIG 1-1-2, FIG 1-1-3,
FIG 1-1-4, and FIG 1-1-5. The SSV of a station is
indicated by using the class designator as a prefix to
the station type designation.
EXAMPLETVOR,
LDME, and HVORTAC.
2/14/08 AIM
Navigation Aids 1-1-5
FIG 1-1-1
Standard High Altitude Service Volume
(See FIG 1-1-5 for altitudes below 1,000 feet).
60,000 ft.
100 NM
130 NM
45,000 ft.
18,000 ft.
14,500 ft.
1,000 ft. 40 NM
FIG 1-1-2
Standard Low Altitude Service Volume
(See FIG 1-1-5 for altitudes below 1,000 feet).
NOTE: All elevations shown are with respect
to the station's site elevation (AGL).
Coverage is not available in a cone of
airspace directly above the facility.
40 NM
18,000 ft.
1,000 ft.
FIG 1-1-3
Standard Terminal Service Volume
(See FIG 1-1-4 for altitudes below 1,000 feet).
25 NM
12,000 ft.
1,000 ft.
AIM 2/14/08
1-1-6 Navigation Aids
2. Within 25 NM, the bottom of the T service
volume is defined by the curve in FIG 1-1-4. Within
40 NM, the bottoms of the L and H service volumes
are defined by the curve in FIG 1-1-5. (See
TBL 1-1-1.)
e. Nondirectional Radio Beacon (NDB)
1. NDBs are classified according to their
intended use.
2. The ranges of NDB service volumes are
shown in TBL 1-1-2. The distances (radius) are the
same at all altitudes.
TBL 1-1-1
VOR/DME/TACAN Standard Service Volumes
SSV Class Designator Altitude and Range Boundaries
T (Terminal) . . . . . . . . From 1,000 feet above ground level (AGL) up to and including 12,000 feet AGL at radial distances out
to 25 NM.
L (Low Altitude) . . . . From 1,000 feet AGL up to and including 18,000 feet AGL at radial distances out to 40 NM.
H (High Altitude) . . . . From 1,000 feet AGL up to and including 14,500 feet AGL at radial distances out to 40 NM. From
14,500AGL up to and including 60,000 feet at radial distances out to 100 NM. From 18,000 feet AGL
up to and including 45,000 feet AGL at radial distances out to 130 NM.
TBL 1-1-2
NDB Service Volumes
Class Distance (Radius)
Compass Locator 15 NM
MH 25 NM
H 50 NM*
HH 75 NM
*Service ranges of individual facilities may be less than 50 nautical miles (NM). Restrictions to service
volumes are first published as a Notice to Airmen and then with the alphabetical listing of the NAVAID in
the A/FD.
FIG 1-1-4
Service Volume Lower Edge Terminal
1000
500
0
0 5 10 15 20 25
DISTANCE TO THE STATION IN NM
ALTITUDE IN FEET
2/14/08 AIM
Navigation Aids 1-1-7
FIG 1-1-5
Service Volume Lower Edge
Standard High and Low
1000
500
0
0 10 20 30 40
DISTANCE TO THE STATION IN NM
ALTITUDE IN FEET
5 15 25 35
1-1-9. Instrument Landing System (ILS)
a. General
1. The ILS is designed to provide an approach
path for exact alignment and descent of an aircraft on
final approach to a runway.
2. The ground equipment consists of two highly
directional transmitting systems and, along the
approach, three (or fewer) marker beacons. The
directional transmitters are known as the localizer
and glide slope transmitters.
3. The system may be divided functionally into
three parts:
(a) Guidance information: localizer, glide
slope;
(b) Range information: marker beacon,
DME; and
(c) Visual information: approach lights,
touchdown and centerline lights, runway lights.
4. Precision radar, or compass locators located
at the Outer Marker (OM) or Middle Marker (MM),
may be substituted for marker beacons. DME, when
specified in the procedure, may be substituted for the
OM.
5. Where a complete ILS system is installed on
each end of a runway; (i.e., the approach end of
Runway 4 and the approach end of Runway 22) the
ILS systems are not in service simultaneously.
b. Localizer
1. The localizer transmitter operates on one of
40 ILS channels within the frequency range of
108.10to 111.95 MHz. Signals provide the pilot with
course guidance to the runway centerline.
2. The approach course of the localizer is called
the front course and is used with other functional
parts, e.g., glide slope, marker beacons, etc. The
localizer signal is transmitted at the far end of the
runway. It is adjusted for a course width of (full scale
fly-left to a full scale fly-right) of 700 feet at the
runway threshold.
3. The course line along the extended centerline
　
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