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2. If the restricted area is active and has not been released to the FAA, the ATC facility will issue a clearance which will ensure the aircraft avoids the restricted airspace.
Restricted areas are charted with an “R” followed by a number (e.g., “R-4401”) and are depicted on the sectional charts. [Figure 5-10] Restricted area information can be obtained on the back of the chart. [Figure 5-11]Warning Areas
Warning areas consist of airspace which may contain hazards to nonparticipating aircraft in international airspace. The activities may be much the same as those for a restricted area. Warning areas are established beyond the three mile limit and are depicted on aeronautical charts. Warning Areas are also defined on the backside of the appropriate sectional chart. [Figure 5-11]
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Figure 5-12. Camden Ridge MOA is an example of a military operations area.
Figure 5-13. Additional information found on the sectional chart for Camden Ridge MOA.Military Operation Areas
Military operation areas (MOA) consist of airspace of defined vertical and lateral limits established for the purpose of separating certain military training activity from IFR traffic. There is no restriction against a pilot operating VFR in these areas; however, a pilot should be alert since training activities may include acrobatic and abrupt maneuvers. MOAs are depicted by name and with defined boundaries on sectional, VFR terminal area, and en route low altitude charts and are not numbered (e.g., “Camden Ridge MOA”). [Figure 5-12] However, the MOA is also further defined on the back of the sectional chart with times of operation, altitudes affected, and the controlling agency. [Figure 5-13]Alert Areas
Alert areas are depicted on aeronautical charts with an “A” followed by a number (e.g., “A-211”) to inform nonparticipating pilots of areas that may contain a high volume of pilot training or an unusual type of aerial activity. Pilots should exercise caution in alert areas. All activity within an alert area shall be conducted in accordance with regulations, without waiver, and pilots of participating aircraft, as well as pilots transiting the area, shall be equally responsible for collision avoidance. [Figure 5-14]
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Figure 5-15. Military training routes (MTR) chart symbols.
Figure 5-14. Alert area (A-211).Controlled Firing Areas
Controlled firing areas contain military activities, which, if not conducted in a controlled environment, could be hazardous to nonparticipating aircraft. The difference between controlled firing areas and other special use airspace is that activities must be suspended when a spotter aircraft, radar, or ground lookout position indicates an aircraft might be approaching the area.Other Airspace Areas
“Other airspace areas” is a general term referring to the majority of the remaining airspace. It includes:
• Airport advisory areas
• Military training routes (MTR)
• Temporary flight restrictions (TFR)
• National security areasAirport Advisory Areas
An airport advisory area is an area within 10 statute miles (SM) of an airport where a control tower is not operating, but where a flight service station (FSS) is located. At these locations, the FSS provides advisory service to arriving and departing aircraft.Military Training Routes (MTRs)
Military Training Routes (MTRs) are routes used by military aircraft to maintain proficiency in tactical flying. These routes are usually established below 10,000 feet MSL for operations at speeds in excess of 250 knots. Some route segments may be defined at higher altitudes for purposes of route continuity. Routes are identified as IFR (IR), and VFR (VR), followed by a number. MTRs with no segment above 1,500 feet AGL are identified by four number characters (e.g., IR1206, VR1207). MTRs that include one or more segments above 1,500 feet AGL are identified by three number characters (e.g., IR206, VR207). IFR Low Altitude En Route Charts depict all IR routes and all VR routes that accommodate operations above 1,500 feet AGL. IR routes are conducted in accordance with IFR regardless of weather conditions.
MTR are usually indicated with a blue line on the sectional chart. A balloon pilot flying in the area of numerous VRs or IRs should question the briefer during the weather brief to find out if any of the routes are in use, and a possible time frame for opening and closing. While it is true that the balloon pilot has the right of way, the balloon will generally come out worse in a midair conflict with a fast-moving military aircraft. MTRs, such as the example depicted in Figure 5-15, are also further defined on the back of the sectional charts.Temporary Flight Restrictions (TFRs)
Temporary flight restrictions (TFRs) are put into effect when traffic in the airspace would endanger or hamper air or ground activities in the designated area. For example, a forest fire, chemical accident, flood, or disaster-relief effort could warrant a TFR, which would be issued as a Notice to Airmen (NOTAM). The NOTAM begins with the phrase “FLIGHT RESTRICTIONS” followed by the location of the temporary restriction, effective time period, area defined in statute miles, and altitudes affected. The NOTAM also contains the FAA coordination facility and telephone number, the reason for the restriction, and any other information deemed appropriate. The pilot should check the NOTAMs as part of flight planning.
　
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