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Igniter. A welding striker, piezo sparker, matches, or other means used to ignite the balloon pilot flame.
Incident. An occurrence other than an accident, associated with the operation of an aircraft, which affects or could affect the safety of operations.
Indicated altitude. The altitude shown on a properly calibrated altimeter.
Inoperative. Not functioning or not working.
Instructions for Continued Airworthiness. A manual published by an aircraft manufacturer specifying procedures for inspection, maintenance, repair, and mandatory replacement times for life-limited parts.
Integrated Airman Certification and Rating Application (IACRA). An online application system that allows for the issuance of student, private and commercial pilot certificates without generating paperwork; all certificate application and approved is performed through the use of electronic “signatures.”
Instrument. According to Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations, A device using an internal mechanism to show visually or aurally the attitude, altitude, or operation of an aircraft or aircraft part. There are only two instruments required in a hot air balloon: vertical speed indicator (VSI) and altimeter.
Katabatic winds. A wind produced by the flow of cold, dense air down a slope in an area subject to radiational cooling. Mountain winds are the most common form of katabatic winds.
Kevlar® A registered trademark for a DuPont Corporation product, a synthetic fiber created in 1965 which has a strength factor 5 times that of steel. Frequently used in balloon systems for suspension cables and control lines of various types. Generally, Kevlar® is used for the core of a suspension line, and will have a cover or sheath over the core, as Kevlar® is ultraviolet light sensitive.
Life-Limited. An aircraft part whose service is limited to a specified number of operating hours or cycles. For example, some balloon manufacturers require that fuel hoses be replaced after a certain number of years.
Light Aircraft. Any aircraft with a maximum takeoff weight of less than 12,500 pounds. All presently FAA-certificated balloons are light aircraft.
Limitations. Restrictions placed on a balloon by its manufacturer. Examples are maximum envelope temperature and maximum gross weight.
Log. A record of activities: flight, instruction, inspection, and maintenance.
LTA. Lighter-Than-Air.
Maintenance. The upkeep of equipment, including preservation, repair, overhaul, and the replacement of parts.
Maintenance Manual. A set of detailed instructions issued by the manufacturer of an aircraft, engine, or component that describes the way maintenance should be performed.
Maintenance Release. A release, signed by an authorized inspector, repairman, mechanic, or pilot after work has been performed, stating that an aircraft or aircraft part has been approved for return to service. The person releasing the aircraft must have the authority appropriate to the work being signed off.
Master tank. The propane tank, usually tank number one, that offers all appropriate services, such as liquid, vapor, and backup system.
Maximum allowable gross lift. The maximum amount of weight that a balloon may lift under standard conditions. Usually a part of the balloon’s design criteria, and may be found on the type Certificate Data Sheet for that particular balloon.
METAR. In weather, an acronym for Aviation Routine Weather Report, which is an observation of current surface reported in the standard international format. Routine METARs are transmitted hourly; there is a special report (as indicated by the acronym “SPECI”) that may be issued at any time for rapidly changing weather conditions.
G-6
Metering valve. A valve on a balloon heater that can be set to allow propane to pass through at a specific rate.
Methanol. A type of alcohol, usually fermented from wood, required by most balloon manufacturers to be introduced into propane tanks annually to adsorb, and thus eliminate, small quantities of water from the fuel.
Mildew. A gray or white parasite fungus which, under warm, moist conditions, can live on organic dirt found on balloon envelopes. The fungus waste materials attack the coating on the fabric.
Mooring. Operation of an unmanned balloon secured to the ground by lines or controlled by anything touching the ground. See Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations, part 101.
Mouth. The bottom, open end of a hot air balloon envelope. Also called the “throat.”
MSL. Mean sea level.
Neutral buoyancy. A condition wherein a balloon is weightless and is neither ascending nor descending.
Nitrogen charging. A technique of adding nitrogen gas to propane tanks to increase fuel pressure. Used in place of temperature to control propane pressure in hot air balloons during cold weather.
Nomogram. Technically, a calculating chart with scales that contain values of three or more mathematical variables, widely used in engineering. In ballooning, a balloon’s performance chart is a nomogram.
　
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