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The following measures should be initiated as soon as possible to eliminate existing and programmed
obstructions to information flow across the GIG.
􀂾 Implement IP transport layer in all UA systems, including legacy data links, to the maximum extent
practical.
• Comply with the IPv6 mandate.
• Implement IP based network interfaces between sensors, control elements, and the GIG.
• Apply the Aircraft Systems Engineering Model to all new UA designs and modifications.
• Insure clear separation between key functional components: aircraft control, payload control,
weapons employment, and situational awareness reporting.
• Separate data, application, and transport layers of the onboard UA communications architecture.
􀂾 Develop and register legacy and developing system metadata descriptions using DISA’s DoD
Metadata Registry and Clearinghouse. This exposes data and data characteristics to all
interested/authorized users, both intended and unintended, and greatly simplifies development of
interfaces to disparate sources of data.
􀂾 Migrate from legacy radios to JTRS compliant clusters.
• Comply with the SCA, use or develop software-based waveforms for all RF and optical physical
interfaces.
• Coordinate all future radio procurements with the JTRS Joint Program Office.
• Procure JTRS compliant hardware when available.
• Procure SCA compliant software when available.
• Make maximum use of the capabilities provided by JTRS compliant hardware and SCA
compliant software.
􀂾 Follow Spectrum Use Policy.
• Transition to IP based wireless connections in the near term.
• Establish and meet firm transition dates from non-DoD approved spectrum to DoD spectrum
recommendations.
UAS ROADMAP 2005
APPENDIX C - COMMUNICATIONS
Page C-24
• Ensure systems are developed to operate in authorized spectrum anywhere in the world.
End goal: All RF based systems use spectrum appropriate to their size, class and individual requirements.
UAS ROADMAP 2005
APPENDIX D – TECHNOLOGIES
Page D-1
APPENDIX D: TECHNOLOGIES
PROPULSION
Turbine
UA are rapidly being developed for eventual integration into the Army, Naval and Air Force fleets.
Today’s battlefield contains aircraft that have two classes of turbine engines: 1) man-rated for manned
platforms and 2) expendables for cruise missiles. UA service has brought about a third limited-life class,
which must support the unique role of UA. The current development of systems, such as Global Hawk
and J-UCAS, which occupy ISR, SEAD and deep strike missions, have shown that existing “off-theshelf”
propulsion systems are placed under such heavy demands that mission capability and operational
utility can be severely limited. Future UA will address combat scenarios and are projected to require even
greater demands for better fuel consumption, thrust, power extraction, cost, low signature and distortion
tolerance.
􀂾 Integrated High Performance Turbine Engine Technology (IHPTET) program. The IHPTET program
is a joint service, NASA, DARPA and industry initiative that began in 1988. It is a three-phase
program with goals of doubling propulsion capability by 2005. IHPTET is also the cornerstone of
U.S. military turbine engine technology development. One of the three IHPTET classes of engines is
the Joint Expendable Turbine Engine Concept (JETEC) program. This joint Air Force/Navy effort,
will demonstrate several key UA-applicable technologies including advanced aerodynamics, lubeless
bearings, high-temp low cost hot Sections, and low-cost manufacturing techniques. Using data from
laboratory research, trade studies, and existing systems, the payoffs/tradeoffs for each of the critical
technologies will be analyzed in terms of engine performance, cost, and storability. (See Figure D-1
and Figure D-2.)
FIGURE D-1. PERFORMANCE PAYOFF OF A NOTIONAL COMBAT UA UTILIZING TECHNOLOGIES
FROM THE JETEC PHASE III GOALS.
Reducing production and development costs may be the most critical effort for UA engine designers.
These reductions can be achieved through various means such as advancements in manufacturing
UAS ROADMAP 2005
APPENDIX D – TECHNOLOGIES
Page D-2
techniques, unique component designs, and multi-use applicability. Advanced manufacturing techniques
can greatly reduce tooling cost and fabrication time. For example, resin-transfer molding for outer mold
casing components can reduce production cost up to 40% over conventional lay-up techniques. JETEC is
pursuing this and several other fabrication concepts including gang milling, high-speed milling, bonded
　
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