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as daylight, hangar lighting, flashlight or droplight and may require removal or opening
of access panels or doors. Stands, ladders or platforms may be required to gain
proximity to the area being checked.
PROGRAM TO ENHANCE AIRCRAFT ELECTRICAL WIRING INTERCONNECTION SYSTEM MAINTENANCE
TP 14331 Enhanced Zonal Analysis Procedures 7
Lightning/High Intensity Radiated Field (L/HIRF) protection. The protection of
aircraft electrical systems and structure from induced voltages or currents by means of
shielded wires, raceways, bonding jumpers, connectors, composite fairings with
conductive mesh, static dischargers, and the inherent conductivity of the structure; may
include aircraft specific devices, e.g., RF Gaskets.
Maintenance. As defined in CAR 101 means the overhaul, repair, required inspection or
modification of an aeronautical product, or the removal of a component from or its
installation on an aeronautical product, but does not include:
(a) elementary work,
(b) servicing; or
(c) any work performed on an aircraft by the manufacturer prior to the issuance of
the first certificate of airworthiness or the export airworthiness certificate;
note:
However, due to collateral wiring damage that frequently occurs
when work is performed on aircraft, TCCA for the purposes of this
TP document, interprets “Maintenance” to include those activities
that are defined as (a) elementary work, (b) servicing, and (c) any
work performed on an aircraft by the manufacturer prior to the
issuance of the first certificate of airworthiness or the export
airworthiness certificate.
Maintenance Significant Item (MSI). Items identified by the manufacturer whose
failure could result in one or more of the following:
A. could affect safety (on ground or in flight).
B. is undetectable during operations.
C. could have significant operational impact.
D. could have significant economic impact.
Needling. The puncturing of a wire’s insulation to make contact with the core to test
the continuity and presence of voltage in the wire segment.
Stand-alone GVI. A General Visual Inspection which is not performed as part of a
zonal inspection. Even in cases where the interval coincides with the zonal inspection,
the Stand-alone GVI shall remain an independent step within the work card.
Structural Significant Item (SSI). Any detail, element or assembly that contributes
significantly to carrying flight, ground, pressure, or control loads and whose failure
could affect the structural integrity necessary for the safety of the aircraft.
Swarf. A term used to describe the metal particles, generated from drilling and
machining operations. Such particles may accumulate on and between wires within a
wire bundle.
PROGRAM TO ENHANCE AIRCRAFT ELECTRICAL WIRING INTERCONNECTION SYSTEM MAINTENANCE
TP 14331 Enhanced Zonal Analysis Procedures 8
Zonal Inspection. A collective term comprising selected General Visual Inspections
and visual checks that are applied to each zone, defined by access and area, to check
system and power plant installations and structure for security and general condition.
7. BACKGROUND
Over the years there have been a number of in-flight smoke and fire events where
contamination sustained and caused the fire to spread. TCCA and TSB together with
the FAA, NTSB and the JAA have conducted aircraft inspections and found wiring
contaminated with items such as dust, dirt, metal shavings, lavatory waste water,
coffee, soft drinks, and napkins. In some cases dust has been found completely
covering wire bundles and the surrounding area.
Research has also demonstrated that wiring can be harmed by collateral damage when
maintenance is being performed on other aircraft systems. For example a person
performing an inspection of an electrical power center or avionics compartment may
inadvertently cause damage to wiring in an adjacent area.
In recent years the regulatory authorities and industry groups have come to the
realization that current maintenance practices may not be adequate to address aging
non-structural systems. While age is not the sole cause of wire degradation, the
probability that inadequate maintenance, contamination, improper repair, or mechanical
damage has caused degradation to a particular EWIS increases over time. Studies by
industry and government agency working groups have found that although EWIS
management is an important safety issue, there has been a tendency to be complacent
about EWIS. These working groups have concluded that there is a need to manage
EWIS so that they continue to function safely.
8. WIRE DEGRADATION
Normal maintenance actions, even using acceptable methods, techniques and practices,
　
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