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procedures will have to be applied if a particular failure
occurs during a particular situation. The operational principles
can be considered in this augmented documentation
construction:
- The “STATUS” concept can be directly associated with
a Reaction Link.
- The Minimum Equipment List (MEL) principle can be
considered as a commented summary of Reaction
Links consequences due to a particular furniture TD
considered along the further Task-Block tree. This
definition has the advantage of being applicable at any
time of the flight.
Final Structure
Once completed, the database can be seen as a forest,
where trees are the DUs with interconnected ramifications
called DU-Links (see figure 4). The DU-Links will be
active or not depending on the user’s request. Descriptors
will be attributed to each self-sufficient DU. To insure a
linear use of the DU database guided by flight operation
properties, an exhaustive Task-Block tree will be defined
and will serve as the backbone for data construction. The
coherence of information display will be assured by Task-
Block attributed domains that will be connected to the
relevant DUs. Extended possibilities of the Task-Block
tree reflection are Reaction Link consequences.
Figure 4: EFCOM final structure
Retrieval and Navigation Possibilities
In an operational environment, an important objective of
electronic documentation is to shorten information
retrieval time. Using contextual information will limit the
search space. For this purpose, the Manual Context enables
a good flexibility for choosing the right information. The
task-based structure is not directly involved in this process,
but the Descriptor concept will be used.
The Task-Block structure permits the addition of Task
Descriptors to all the DUs, and allows the user to point in a
linear document in accordance with the aircrew’s cognitive
structure. This should improve documentation description.
Pointing to a limited field of documentation in a linear
structure may reduce disorientation and cognitive overload.
In one Task-Block context hypertext facilities could be
included. This responds primarily to the need for domain
navigation purpose, to be able to easily find, for instance,
the description of one procedure, or the limitation of one
description. Between two Task-Blocks, hyperlinks should
be unnecessary because the available information will be
redundant between two neighbor Task-Blocks.
The step-by-step navigation facility using the Task-
Block tree is not always needed during operations.
However, it relates to an operational and training use.
Linear browsing through documentation using flight properties
will encourage ongoing learning, and should make it
possible to use the EFCOM effectively for training
purposes. Even if information is redundant with this
navigation, it is possible to hide the redundant information
when this facility is used, so that the consequences of
context changes are underlined.
Demonstrator Application
A Demonstrator, with the objective of simulating the final
tool, has been developed and shown to Airbus
66 HCI-Aero 2002
Figure 5: Demonstrator display example
collaborators (Ramu, 2001). The content of the
Demonstrator is directly taken from the A340 FCOM. The
demonstration of the display form was well accepted, and
it was acknowledged that it could bring a document structure
knowledge in accordance with operational and training
use.
Demonstrator display. The Demonstrator display is
divided into two parts: a menu on the left side, and the
documentation display on the right.
The documentation display uses colors. The ECAM
color code has been used for coherence principally for the
procedure domain. In the same way, the other domains will
have color attribution for their specific information. Also
the format has been defined for Procedures and
Description domains, and this format definition will have
to be extended to all domains.
The left side menu is a task-based menu following the
SOP task tree. It reflects the actual context, and links to the
neighbors’ Task-Blocks (figure 5). This menu also uses
colors, reflecting the link nature. The links implemented in
the Demonstrator are Action Links. Purple reflects normal
links, amber reflects abnormal links and red reflects emergency
links. Grey reflects links that are not directly accessible
(or inactive) and green reflects the context in use.
Demonstrator navigation. The Manual Context facility is
the primary tool for information requests. Once a choice
　
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