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should conduct a homing from an altitude above all terrain in the general area. This does
not apply to search aircraft flying in valleys or behind mountains in order to ascertain
where the beacon signal cannot be heard.
3. SEARCH AND RESCUE SIGNALS
3.1 Third Party Emergency Reporting
a. Remain in the vicinity or as directed otherwise and keep the aircraft, surface craft
or distressed personnel in sight.
b. Turn on automatic emergency radio equipment unless:
(i) accurate position fixing is possible, and
(ii) two way communications exist with ATS.
c. Report the following information as applicable to the responsible ATS:
(i) TYPE of aircraft or surface craft;
(ii) LOCATION of distress incident in latitude and longitude, geographical point or
bearing and distance from some fixed point; and
(iii) DETAILS regarding the number of personnel concerned, whether known to be
afloat and the apparent physical condition of survivors.
d. Alert coast and ship stations by transmitting on international distress frequencies
2182, 4125, 6215 or 8291KHZ.
e. Transmit to any frequency which will enable other craft to home to the distress
location.
f. Call to surface craft to render assistance by use of manoeuvres set out below, or
otherwise by communication on 2182, 4125KHZ or 156.8MHz (VHF channel 16).
g. Attempt to establish communication with the aircraft in distress when requested by
ATC.
h. Before departing from the area, turn off automatic emergency radio equipment.
3.2 Assistance of Surface Craft
3.2.1 To direct a surface craft to distress incident:
a. circle the vessel at least once;
b. fly across the bow of the vessel at low level while rocking the wings, opening and
closing the throttles or changing propeller pitch if possible; and
c. head in the direction required.
© Airservices Australia, 2005 Licensed to: Preview Licence MyAIP678901234567890 SeqId
EMERGENCY PROCEDURES 24-Nov-2005 EMERG - 15
NOTE: Visual signals by the surface craft:
ACKNOWLEDGE - red and white vertical striped flag or flashing of a series of 'T's by
light.
UNABLE TO COMPLY - square blue and white checkered flag signal or the flashing of
a series of 'N's by light.
3.2.2 When assistance is no longer required fly across the stern of the vessel at low level,
rocking the wings, opening and closing the throttles or changing propeller pitch if possible.
3.3 Emergency Management Australia (EMA)
3.3.1 During relief operations mounted in time of floods, bushfires or other disasters, ground/air
signals may be used to indicate requirements.
3.3.2 Aircraft engaged by the relevant State Emergency Service to survey the area, will be
briefed to watch for emergency signals. Pilots of other aircraft, not involved in the relief
operation, should report sightings to the nearest ATS unit.
3.3.3 Pilots need to be aware of the importance of indicating the actual signal seen (eg, Civil
Emergency Signal No 3), as an attempt to interpret, the signal may be confusing to those
receiving the message.
3.4 Ground/Air Emergency Signals in Use for Australian Civil Emergencies
GROUND - AIR VISUAL SIGNAL CODE FOR USE BY SURVIVORS
No Message Code Signal
1 Require Assistance
2 Require Medical Assistance
3 Proceeding in this Direction
4 Yes or Affirmative
5 No or Negative
VX
Y
N
If in doubt use International Symbol SOS
GROUND - AIR VISUAL SIGNAL CODE
FOR USE IN CIVIL EMERGENCIES
No Message Code Signal
1 Require Fodder
2 Require Evacuation
3 Power Failure
FF
III
VI
Notes:
1 Aldis lamp signals
Red flashes - not understood
Green flashes - message understood.
2 Air Ground Signals
The following signals by aircraft mean that the signals have been understood
a During the hours of daylight - rocking the aircraft's wings
b During the hours of darkness - by flashing the aircraft's landing or navigation lights
on or off twice.
3 Lack of the above signal indicates that the message has not been understood.
4 The "GROUND - AIR VISUAL SIGNAL CODE FOR USE BY SURVIVORS" conforms
to ICAO and NATO standards.
© Airservices Australia, 2005 Licensed to: Preview Licence MyAIP678901234567890 SeqId
EMERGENCY PROCEDURES 24-Nov-2005 EMERG - 16
3.5 Visual Distress Signals - Small Vessels
Either of the two signals shown below may be displayed by small vessels. The signals
are for use ONLY in the Australian Search and Rescue Area. The signal sheet is
rectangular, coloured international orange, with black symbols.
SIGNAL MEANING
I am in distress and
require assistance
V
4. SURVIVAL
　
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