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design
􀀴 • compatibility:
• • provide adequate supporting for body
• • armrests at least 2 in wide and 8 in long
• • backrest reclines 100-105degree
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
1.2 Workstation for ATCer
content(communication equipment design)
􀀴 Speech transmission equipment
􀀴 • intelligibility
􀀴 • effect of environment noise
􀀴 speech reception equipment
􀀴 • Primary issue in design of headphone and loader
speakers is assurance of intelligibility. Listeners will
understand the transmitted message.
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
1.2 Workstation for ATCer
content (communication equipment design)
􀀴 Good control:
􀀴 • volume/gain controls
􀀴 • squelch control : suppresses noise level
􀀴 • foot/hand operation control
• • foot control for seated controller
• • hand control for standing controller
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
2. Liveware-Environment
(environment design)
􀀴Lighting
􀀴Temperature and humidity
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
2. Liveware-Environment
(environment design)
􀀴 Task on the controller is required to perform
􀀴 • lamps and the types of ambient lighting(direct
sunlight, semi-direct or diffuse lighting)
􀀴 • level of illuminant
􀀴 • distribution of light
􀀴 • range of luminance from the workstation display
and indicators
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
2. Liveware-Environment
(environment design)
􀀴 Reduction of reflection and glare
􀀴 • they have effect on a display screen
􀀴 Optimum levels of temperature and humidity
􀀴 • air temperature
􀀴 • wall temperature or temperature of surrounding structure
􀀴 • humidity
􀀴 • ventilation(e.g. Speed of recirculating air)
􀀴 • physical workload of the controller
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
2. Liveware-Environment
(environment design)
􀀴 Acceptable level of noise
􀀴 • ambient noise is chiefly caused by vibration :
• • people conversation
• • large capacity ventilation system or other system
generating vibration
􀀴 • control ways:
• • the source of noise
• • along the of noise
• • at the receiver of the noise
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
3. Liveware-Liveware
􀀴1. CRM(cockpit resource management)
􀀴2. TRM(team resource management)
􀀴3. Organizational issue
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
3.1 CRM
􀀴Background
􀀴Content
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
3.1 CRM
(background)
􀀴 Conclusion of 37 significant accidents
investigation in 11 years by NTSB:
􀀴 • the major reasons are human factors
􀀴 • those accidents could be avoided
􀀴 The investigation of CRM began in 70s, the
concept of CRM was provided by NASA in 1978
􀀴 Application and development of CRM by United
Airlines Inc.,Royal Dutch Airlines,Trans World
Airlines Inc.,
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
3.1 CRM
(content)
􀀴Enhancing decision making skill
􀀴Avoid dangerous attitudes :
􀃖 Anti-authority don’t tell me!
􀃖 Impulsivity do something quickly
􀃖 Invulnerability it won’t happen to me
􀃖Macho
􀃖 Resignation
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
　
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