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A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
Work space
􀀴 A work-space envelope
􀂃 The three dimensional space within which an
individual works.
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
Work-space envelopes for seated personnel
􀀴 Effects of direction of reach and presence of
restraints on work-space envelope.
􀀴 Effects of manual activity on work-space
envelope.
􀀴 Effects of apparel on work-space envelope.
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
Arm reach
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
The range of hand movements
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
Work-space envelopes for
standing personnel
􀀴 Standing reach is essentially a matter of body
equilibrium.
􀀴 Reach is increasing the base of the feet.
􀀴 The zone of convenient reach is reached without
undue exertion
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
Zone of convenient
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
Why and How Do People Have Errors
Human capacity’s limitation
a) Anthropometry
b) Auditory, Tactual, and Olfactory Displays
c) Visual
d) Process information
e) Make decision
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
Anatomy of the ear
􀀴 Outer ear
􀂃 Collect sound energy.
􀂃 Increase sound-pressure level by as much as 12 dB for
frequency range from 2000 Hz to 5000 Hz .
􀀴 Middle ear
􀂃 Amplify the sound level by 22 times owing to the large
surface of tympanic membrane (eardrum) and the lever
action of the ossicles.
􀂃 Acoustic reflex: Stapedius muscles attached to ossicles
tightens in response to loud noise to reduce sound
transmission to inner ear.
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
Middle ear: The ossicles
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
Anatomy of the ear (2)
􀀴 Inner ear
􀂃 The hair cells and nerve endings on the basilar
membrane can sense slight pressure change, these
changes are transmitted to the brain via the auditory
verve.
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
Why and How Do People Have Errors
Human capacity’s limitation
a) Anthropometry
b) Auditory, Tactual, and Olfactory Displays
c) Visual
d) Process information
e) Make decision
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
Are you sure?
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
Are you sure?
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
Process of seeing
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
Visual Pathway
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
Visual capabilities
􀀴 Accommodation: The ability of the lens of the eye to
focus the light rays on the retina.
􀂃 Near point
􀂃 Far point
􀂃 Diopters: Unit for focal points. 1D=1m, 2D=0.5m, and
so on.
􀂃 Dark focus: Accommodative state to which the eyes
tend to move in darkness, for normal eyes, it’s about
1D.
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
Visual capabilities : Near point (2)
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
Visual capabilities (3)
􀀴 Visual acuity: The ability to discriminate fine detail
and depends largely on the accommodation of the eyes.
􀂃 Minimum separable acuity
􀂃 VA (minutes) = (3438*H)/D
􀂃 Dynamic visual acuity vs. static visual acuity
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
Visual Angles
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
Visual acuity tests and experiments
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
　
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