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below the horizontal at 10, and 30°
below at 6 kts.
Air Law 31
Lighting - 301.07
A runway used at night must have a
line of fixed white lights on each
side, visible for over 2 nm in all
directions, unless it is impractical
(there may be no electricity), in
which case you can use a fixed white
light in a safe place at each end for
alignment, and white reflective
markers on the sides, if they are
effective from over 2 nm when
aligned with the centre line. The
lines of at least 8 equidistant lights or
markers must be the same length (at
least 420m) and parallel, and the
same distance apart as the runway
width during the day. The distance
between each in the line must be at
least 60 m (200 feet), with each light
or marker opposite to another.
A taxiway used at night needs a line
of fixed blue lights or retro-reflective
markers parallel to each other on
each side at least 60 m apart.
When a manoeuvring area or a
heliport is closed, the lights shall not
be operated or markers kept, except
as required for maintenance.
At night, unserviceable portions of
the movement area must use fixed
red lights, red retro-reflective
markers or floodlighting. An aircraft
parking area must use blue lights or
retro-reflective markers, at least 60m
(200 feet) apart, or floodlighting.
ARCAL stands for Aircraft Control of
Aerodrome Lighting. It works by
clicking a sequence on the transmit
button, within 15 nm of the
aerodrome concerned. Use the
sequence when starting the
approach, even if the lights are on
already, as this will restart the timing
mechanism. A Type J ARCAL
requires 5 keys within 5 seconds. A
Type K needs 7 to start with, but
you can adjust the intensity to low,
medium or high with 3, 5, or 7.
A flashing white beacon used to
identify the aerodrome at night will
flash a Morse Code letter about 3-4
times a minute (see CFS).
Operations at or Near
Aerodromes
There must be no likelihood of
collision with other aircraft or
vehicles, and the aerodrome must be
suitable for the intended operation.
This means observing other traffic
and conforming to or avoiding the
traffic pattern, together with making
all turns to the left inside the traffic
circuit, except when otherwise
specified in the CFS or by ATC. You
must also land and take off into the
wind, where practicable, unless
otherwise authorized by ATC. You
must maintain a continuous listening
watch on the appropriate frequency,
or keep a watch for visual
instructions from ATC.
Controlled Aerodromes
You must get clearance from ATC
to taxi, take off or land. Unless
authorized by them , you may not fly
below 2,000 feet over an aerodrome
except when landing or taking off, or
you are in the service of a police
authority, are saving human life, on
fire-fighting or air ambulance
operations, administration of the
Fisheries or Coastal Fisheries Protection
Act, administration of national or
provincial parks, flight inspection,
aerial application or inspection,
highway or city traffic patrol, aerial
photography conducted under an
AOC, helicopter external loads, or
flight training.
32 Canadian Professional Pilot Studies
Uncontrolled Aerodromes
These have no control tower, or
have one that is closed. They use a
common frequency so that all
aircraft using it can keep track of
what's going on and broadcast their
intentions to other traffic.
Direct your call to a station or
broadcast to local traffic if nobody
answers, and keep listening out.
Maintain noise abatement
procedures as per the CFS.
Broadcast your departure intentions
before moving on to the runway.
Afterwards, monitor the frequency
until well clear, normally 5-10 nm,
looking out for aircraft entering
downwind. You can depart on
course straight ahead, turning when
well clear of the circuit, or from the
crosswind or downwind leg.
On arrival, report position and
altitude, intentions and ETA well
beforehand. Report joining the
circuit, and do so from the upwind
side, turning crosswind across the
runway then downwind at 1,000 feet
AGL. Alternatively, join straight in
downwind at circuit height. If you
need to check the wind and runway
condition from the overhead, do so
well above circuit height and
complete the letdown on the upwind
side. Don't forget to report on finals
and when clear.
　
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