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Main gear
VASI glide path
Threshold
Aim point
Main
Gear Path
October 31, 2004
767 Flight Crew Training Manual
Landing
Copyright © The Boeing Company. See title page for details.
FCT 767 (TM) 6.5
Three Bar (Upper Glide Path) VASI Landing Geometry
Flaps 30 AIM Point at 1,800 Feet
767
Model
Visual Glide
Path
(degrees)
Airplane
Body Attitude
(degrees)
Threshold Height Main Gear
Touchdown
Point - no flare
(feet)
Pilot Eye
Height (feet)
Main Gear
Height (feet)
-200 3.25 2.1 98 75 1317
-300 3.25 2.0 98 74 1300
-400 3.25 2.1 97 72 1260
VASI lights
1800'
(no flare)
touchdown point
Main gear
Threshold
Main
Gear Path
VASI glide path
Aim point
October 31, 2004
767 Flight Crew Training Manual
Landing
Copyright © The Boeing Company. See title page for details.
6.6 FCT 767 (TM)
Precision Approach Path Indicator (PAPI)
The PAPI uses lights which are normally on the left side of the runway. They are
similar to the VASI, but are installed in a single row of light units.
When the airplane is on a normal 3° glide path, the pilot sees two white lights on
the left and two red lights on the right. The PAPI may be safely used with respect
to threshold height, but may result in landing further down the runway. The PAPI
is normally aligned to intersect the runway 1,000 to 1,500 feet down the runway.
PAPI Landing Geometry
Landing Geometry
Visual Aim Point
During visual approaches many techniques and methods are used to ensure main
landing gear touchdown at the desired point on the runway. One of the most
common methods used is to aim at the desired gear touchdown point on the
runway, then adjust the final approach glide path until the selected point appears
stationary in relation to the airplane (the point does not move up or down in the
pilot’s field of view during the approach).
In first generation jet transports (e.g. B-707, DC-8), this method is acceptable
because of the small difference between landing gear path and eye level path.
Flare distance accounts for the small difference in paths. Gear touchdown occurs
very near the visual aim point. However, in today’s larger aircraft, the difference
in gear path and eye-level path has increased because of the longer wheelbase and
the increased flight deck height. Consequently, the main gear do not touchdown
on the runway at the selected visual aim point.
Slightly High
On Glide Path
Slightly Low Low
High
Red PAPI Lights White PAPI Lights
October 31, 2004
767 Flight Crew Training Manual
Landing
Copyright © The Boeing Company. See title page for details.
FCT 767 (TM) 6.7
Visual aim points versus gear touchdown point differences increase as glide path
angle decreases as in a flat approach. For a particular visual approach, the
difference between gear path and eye level path must be accounted for by the pilot.
October 31, 2004
767 Flight Crew Training Manual
Landing
Copyright © The Boeing Company. See title page for details.
6.8 FCT 767 (TM)
Landing Runway Markings (Typical)
The following runway markings are for runways served by a precision approach.
150m
(492’)
TOUCHDOWN
ZONE
MARKINGS
150m
(492’)
AIMING POINT
MARKINGS
30m (98’) to
60m (197’)
by
4m (13’) to
10m (33’)
300m
(984’)
150m
(492’)
STRIPES
1.8m (6’) WIDTH
1.5m (5’) SPACING
22.5m (74’) MIM
LENGTH 150m
(492’)
RUNWAY
SIDE
STRIPE
MARKINGS
18m (59’) to
22.5m (74’)
400m
(1312’)
500’
3000’
TOTAL
500’
2500’
TOTAL
500’
2000’
TOTAL
500’
1500’ TOTAL
500’
1000’ TOTAL
500’ SIDE STRIPE
THRESHOLD MARKER TOUCHDOWN ZONE MARKER
CENTERLINE
150’ 75’
FIXED DISTANCE MARKING
30’
WIDE
United States ICAO
October 31, 2004
767 Flight Crew Training Manual
Landing
Copyright © The Boeing Company. See title page for details.
FCT 767 (TM) 6.9
Threshold Height
Threshold height is a function of glide path angle and landing gear touchdown
target. Threshold height for main gear and pilot eye level is shown in the Two
Bar/Three Bar VASI Landing Geometry tables on a previous page. Special
　
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