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with all RNAV requirements. Operational information
should be included in your AFM or its supplements.
Additional information concerning how to use your
A fly-over (FO) waypoint precludes any
turn until the waypoint
is overflown.
A fly-by (FB) waypoint requires the
use of turn anticipation to avoid
overshooting the next segment.
Figure 2-28. Fly-Over and Fly-By Waypoints.
2-31
Figure 2-29. The COWBY TWO Departure, Las Vegas, Nevada, is an Example of an RNAV SID.
2-32
Figure 2-30. MENDOCINO ONE Departure, Willits, California, is an Example of an RNAV ODP.
2-33
RNAV Equipment Codes
ADVANCED RNAV WITH TRANSPONDER AND MODE C (If an aircraft is unable to operate with a transponder and/or
Mode C, it will revert to the appropriate code listed above under Area Navigation.)
/E FMS with DME/DME and IRU position updating
/F FMS with DME/DME position updating
/G Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), including GPS or WAAS, with en route and terminal capability.
/R RNP. The aircraft meets the RNP type prescribed for the route segment(s), route(s) and/or area concerned.
Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum (RVSM). Prior to conducting RVSM operations within the U.S., the operator
must obtain authorization from the FAA or from the responsible authority, as appropriate.
/J /E with RVSM
/K /F with RVSM
/L /G with RVSM
/Q /R with RVSM
/W RVSM
Figure 2-31. RNAV Equipment Codes.
Figure 2-32. Operational Requirements for RNAV.
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equipment to its fullest capacity, including “how to” training may be gathered from your avionics manufacturer. If
you are in doubt about the operation of your avionics system and its ability to comply with RNAV requirements,
contact the FAA directly through your local Flight
Standards District Office (FSDO). In-depth information
regarding navigation databases is included in Appendix
A—Airborne Navigation Databases.
RADAR DEPARTURE
A radar departure is another option for departing an
airport on an IFR flight. You might receive a radar
departure if the airport does not have an established
departure procedure, if you are unable to comply with
a departure procedure, or if you request “No SIDs” as a
part of your flight plan. Expect ATC to issue an initial
departure heading if you are being radar vectored after
takeoff, however, do not expect to be given a purpose for
the specific vector heading. Rest assured that the controller knows your flight route and will vector you into
position. By nature of the departure type, once you are
issued your clearance, the responsibility for coordination
of your flight rests with ATC, including the tower controller and, after handoff, the departure controller who
will remain with you until you are released on course and
allowed to “resume own navigation.”
For all practical purposes, a radar departure is the easiest
type of departure to use. It is also a good alternative to a
published departure procedure, particularly when none of
the available departure procedures are conducive to your
flight route. However, it is advisable to always maintain a
detailed awareness of your location as you are being radar
vectored by ATC. If for some reason radar contact is lost,
you will be asked to provide position reports in order for
ATC to monitor your flight progress. Also, ATC may
release you to “resume own navigation” after vectoring
you off course momentarily for a variety of reasons
including weather or traffic.
Upon initial contact, state your aircraft or flight number,
the altitude you are climbing through, and the altitude to
which you are climbing. The controller will verify that
your reported altitude matches that emitted by your
transponder. If your altitude does not match, or if you do
not have Mode C capabilities, you will be continually
required to report your position and altitude for ATC.
The controller is not required to provide terrain and obstacle clearance just because ATC has radar contact with
your aircraft. It remains your responsibility until the controller begins to provide navigational guidance in the form
of radar vectors. Once radar vectors are given, you are
expected to promptly comply with headings and altitudes
as assigned. Question any assigned heading if you believe
it to be incorrect or if it would cause a violation of a regulation, then advise ATC immediately and obtain a revised
clearance.
DIVERSE VECTOR AREA
ATC may establish a minimum vectoring altitude
(MVA) around certain airports. This altitude is based on
terrain and obstruction clearance and provides controllers with minimum altitudes to vector aircraft in and
　
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