曝光臺 注意防騙 網曝天貓店富美金盛家居專營店坑蒙拐騙欺詐消費者

depicting approaches and a no transgression zone.
Preferential Departure Route (PDR) – A specific
departure route from an airport or terminal area to an en
route point where there is no further need for flow control. It may be included in an instrument Departure
Procedure (DP) or a Preferred IFR Route.
Preferred IFR Routes – A system of preferred IFR
routes guides you in planning your route of flight to
minimize route changes during the operational phase of
flight, and to aid in the efficient orderly management of
air traffic using federal airways.
C-12
Principal Operations Inspector (POI) – Scheduled
air carriers and operators for compensation or hire are
assigned a principal operations inspector (POI) who
works directly with the company and coordinates FAA
operating approval.
Record – See Database Record
Reduced Vertical Separation Minimums (RVSM) –
RVSM airspace is where air traffic control separates
aircraft by a minimum of 1,000 feet vertically between
flight level (FL) 290 and FL 410 inclusive. RVSM airspace is special qualification airspace; the operator and
the aircraft used by the operator must be approved by
the Administrator. Air traffic control notifies operators
of RVSM by providing route planing information.
Reference Landing Speed (VREF) – The speed of the
airplane, in a specified landing configuration, at the
point where it descends through the 50-foot height in
the determination of the landing distance.
Remote Communications Outlet (RCO) – An
unmanned communications facility remotely controlled
by air traffic personnel. RCOs serve FSSs and may be
UHF or VHF. RCOs extend the communication range
of the air traffic facility. RCOs were established to provide ground-to-ground communications between air
traffic control specialists and pilots located at a satellite
airport for delivering en route clearances, issuing
departure authorizations, and acknowledging IFR cancellations or departure/landing times.
Reporting Point – A geographical location in relation
to which the position of an aircraft is reported. (See
Compulsory Reporting Points)
Required Navigation Performance (RNP) – RNP is a
statement of the navigation performance necessary for
operation within a defined airspace. On-board monitoring and alerting is required.
RNAV DP – A DP developed for RNAV-equipped aircraft whose ground track is based on satellite or
DME/DME navigation systems.
Roll-out RVR – The RVR readout values obtained
from sensors located nearest the rollout end of the runway.
Runway Heading – The magnetic direction that corresponds with the runway centerline extended, not the
painted runway numbers on the runway. Pilots cleared
to “fly or maintain runway heading” are expected to fly
or maintain the published heading that corresponds
with the extended centerline of the departure runway
(until otherwise instructed by ATC), and are not to
apply drift correction; e.g., RWY 4, actual magnetic
heading of the runway centerline 044.22º, fly 044º.
Runway Hotspots – Locations on a particular airport
that historically have hazardous intersections. Hot spots
alert pilots to the fact that there may be a lack of visibility at certain points or the tower may be unable to
see that particular intersection. Whatever the reason,
pilots need to be aware that these hazardous intersections exist and they should be increasingly vigilant
when approaching and taxiing through these intersections. Pilots are typically notified of these areas by a
Letter to Airmen or by accessing the FAA Office of
Runway Safety.
Runway Incursion – an occurrence at an airport
involving an aircraft, vehicle, person, or object on the
ground that creates a collision hazard or results in a loss
of separation with an aircraft that is taking off, intending to take off, landing, or intending to land.
Runway Safety Program (RSP) – Designed to create
and execute a plan of action that reduces the number of
runway incursions at the nation’s airports.
Runway Visual Range (RVR) – An estimate of the
maximum distance at which the runway, or the specified lights or markers delineating it, can be seen from a
position above a specific point on the runway centerline. RVR is normally determined by visibility sensors
or transmissometers located alongside and higher than
the centerline of the runway. RVR is reported in hundreds of feet.
Runway Visibility Value (RVV) – The visibility determined for a particular runway by a transmissometer. A
meter provides a continuous indication of the visibility
　
中國航空網 m.k6050.com
航空翻譯 www.aviation.cn
本文鏈接地址：Instrument Procedures Handbook (IPH)儀表程序手冊上(191)