4 Assessment of effect
4.1 Windfarms (Wind powered Turbine Generators) have the potential to adversely affect the ability to provide air traffic services in several ways, not least because of degradation of radio signals emitted by aeronautical radio stations due to multi-path inference caused by reflection from the static elements (i.e. nacelles and masts) or signal modulation effects due to rotating turbine blades.
4.2 Aerodrome licensees and ATS Providers are reminded that information regarding the technical safeguarding of aeronautical radio stations at their aerodromes, including examples of the minimum dimensions for those areas which must be safeguarded, is contained in GEN-02 of CAP 670.
4.3 The CAA has been made aware of research that indicates the possibility of wind turbines adversely affecting the quality of radio communication between air traffic controllers and aircraft under their control. Further work is being undertaken to establish the extent, likelihood and severity of the problem and until further information is available, issues concerning wind turbines and VHF communications should be dealt with on a case by case basis. ANSPs are advised to include the radiation pattern of their antenna systems and the radio horizon in their considerations.
NOTE: A windfarm whose blade tips, at their maximum height, are below the visual horizon when viewed from a point situated 25 metres above an aeronautical radio station site may be acceptable to an ANSP.
5 Additional guidance
Further guidance regarding Windfarm planning considerations and issues can be sought from:
.
CAP 764, CAA Policy and Guidelines on Wind Turbines. This document aims to provide assistance to aviation stakeholders when addressing wind energy related issues, thereby ensuring greater consistency across the whole aviation industry in the consideration of the potential impact of proposed wind turbine developments.
.
Planning Policy Guidance notes; PPG 8 and PPG 22 (in particular paragraphs 52-58), as subsets of the Town and Country Planning Act 1990.
.
The Wireless Telegraphy Act 2006.
GEN 02 Technical Safeguarding of Aeronautical Radio
Stations situated at UK aerodromes - Guidance Material
1 Introduction
1.1 Aerodromes licensees together with their Air Traffic Service (ATS) Providers are responsible for the technical safeguarding of all of the radio sites for which they hold approvals under the Air Navigation Order 2009 (the ANO). This document provides guidance to assist with that process.
1.2 Aerodrome Licensees and ATS Providers who register safeguarding maps with the Local Planning Authority (LPA) should receive from that LPA a copy of any applications for developments either on or within the vicinity of the Aerodrome. This information should be made available to the person responsible for the technical safeguarding of radio sites.
1.3 If safeguarding is not undertaken then it is likely that a gradual degradation of the integrity of the radio signal will take place. This will be perceived in several ways; for example, complaints from pilots or ATC regarding poor coverage, increased background noise or worsening flight calibration results for ILS. This can be avoided by proactively safeguarding the technical sites.
1.4 The ATSD Engineering Inspector will expect to see evidence of adequate technical safeguarding. If the quality of service of the radio signal reduces below acceptable limits, he or she can withdraw the ANO approval for the affected radio facility until corrective measures have been taken.
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