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In general terms, Quantitative Assessment refers to validation methods that arenumerical. Validation by Quantitative Assessment relies on tools which are primarily – but not exclusively - computer-dependent simulators. Whilst a separate chapter is dedicated to Qualitative Assessment (Part D, Chapter 2), it is useful to understand the difference between Qualitative and Quantitative Assessment/tools. This is shown in the table on the next page.
As will become evident, it is the nature of the design concept or the type of changes to the existing routes, holds, structures and sectors that largely determine the most appropriate validation method or combination of methods to use. Thus where in one case it is appropriate to proceed from Qualitative Assessment to FTS, then RTS prior to implementation, there may be instances where Live ATC trials and flight simulation are the most appropriate validation method together with qualitative assessment.
Although it is sometimes appropriate to exploit all validation methods prior to implementation, the differences between the different methods and the type of validation provided means that a step-through of each validation method is may be unnecessary.
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Input  Assessment Bench Mark used  Output  Validation method 
QualitativeAssessment  Published & Proposed Terminal Airspace Design (Routes/Holds, Structures and Sectors)  Non-numerical Performance and Safety Criteria based upon ICAO SARPs, Procedures and Guidance material and National/Local regulations and ESARRs.  Mainly textual/ diagrammatic reasoning, argument, justification.  . Expert ATM/CNS judgement . Airspace Modelling 
Quantitative Assessment  . Published and Proposed Terminal Airspace Design (Routes/Holds, Structures and Sectors) usually in computer data format representing Airspace Organisation and Traffic Samples. . surveys - radar data recordings, flight plan recordings, flight recordings, questionnaires . statistics & forecasts -airports operations statistics, meteorological data collections, traffic demand, traffic distribution  Absolute Numerical Performance and Safety criteria based upon Performance and Safety Criteria based upon ICAO SARPs, Procedures and Guidance material and National/Local regulations and ESARRs.  Numerical data (primarily)  . Airspace Modelling . FTS/RTS . Live ATC Trials . Flight Simulator . Data Analytical Tools . Statistical Analysis . Collision risk modelling 

Table 1 - 1: Qualitative and Quantitative Assessment
1.4.2 SPECIFIC DIFFERENCES
More specifically it is possible to distinguish between the different validation methods on the basis of Cost, Realism, Time and the number of Traffic Samples and Test Cases used. As can be seen in the diagram below, the more complex the simulation method used, the greater the cost, preparation/run time required and the closer to reality the results become. In contrast, and normally for reasons related to cost/time – the number of traffic samples/test cases tend to decrease as the complexity of the simulation method used increases.
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Comment: It is frequently claimed that the results/output from a real-time simulation are more reliable than those from a fast-time simulation on the basis that RTS is closer to reality than FTS. This is not a given: a poorly prepared RTS founded on incorrect assumptions e.g. non-representative traffic sample, is unlikely to return a better result than a properly prepared FTS. Furthermore, recent developments in FTS-technology are such that increasing reliance is being placed upon FTS results.
　
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