7.3.2 SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS......................................................................................................C-7-5

7.4 FROM HIGH DENSITY TERMINAL AIRSPACE TO TERMINAL AIRSPACE SYSTEM ..................C-7-7

7.4.1 OPERATIONAL DRIVERS...............................................................................................................C-7-8

7.4.2 CORE AREA ....................................................................................................................................C-7-8

7.4.3 OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS..................................................................................................C-7-8

7.5 SUMMARY ......................................................................................................................................C-7-9

Table 7- 1: Example of Characteristics of an Evolving Terminal Airspace......................C-7-6

Figure 7- 1: Sample Evolution of Terminal Airspace system ..........................................C-7-4
Figure 7- 2: Evolution Terminal Airspace dimensions and ATC ‘functions’.....................C-7-4
Figure 7- 3: Flattened lower limit of Terminal Airspace ‘system’ (Example) ...................C-7-7
Figure 7- 4: Terminal Airspace ‘system’ and ‘Core’ Area................................................C-7-8

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The Design Concept discussed in previous chapters has provided guidelines on the design of Routes, Holding areas, the Terminal Airspace Structure and ATC Sectorisation. Although it has not been explicitly stated in these chapters, most designers will recognise that the explanatory diagrams in Chapters 5 and 6 show airspace that is relatively ‘uncomplicated’ in that most of the Stages show only one airport within (one) Terminal Airspace. In design terms, this scenario – or that of one major airport and two ‘minor’ airports – is relatively straight forward.
In view of this, it is considered appropriate to focus upon more complex Terminal Airspace. As such, this Chapter primarily discusses the evolution of Terminal Airspaces into what may, for convenience, be described as a Terminal Airspace system i.e. a Terminal Airspace block which is operated as an integrated system when it is no longer feasible to trea as separate entities, several Terminal Airspaces which have grown into each other over time .
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The evolution from Terminal Airspace to Terminal Airspace system is almost exclusively a function of increased traffic demand and resultant complexity of air traffic operations. Simplistically, this evolution can be illustrated as follows (and of course, there are possible variations on this theme):
Starting with one ‘major' airport that has grown to the extent where it can no longer be expanded (e.g. the maximum number of extra runway or terminal buildings have been added), the airport and its Terminal Airspace become unable to meet the increasing demand. At this point, a second (usually smaller) airport in the vicinity is expanded with its own Terminal Airspace. As traffic grows, and this second airport and its surrounding airspace reaches its limits, a third airport might be built or expanded. Thus over a period of decades, a ‘major’ Terminal Airspace and neighbouring smaller ones, evolve – each vying for more space with the traffic complexity increasing at each evolutionary step.
　
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