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Biometrics is used in all of these
cases to protect against fraud and
abuse. In elections, for instance, biometric
voter cards keep people from
voting more than once. “In Gabon,
the opposition asked the president
to set up a biometric electoral system
to prevent fraud,” explains Philippe
Larcher, director of programs and
products at Sagem Sécurité. The
Democratic Republic of the Congo
is one of the latest countries to use
biometrics for voter identification,
calling on European funding and a
partnership with the UN.
Another civilian application is
physical access control. For example,
airports, nuclear plants and ports are
Special report
context. How do you guarantee personal
identification in an increasingly
electronic world? Biometrics has
emerged as one of the most reliable
solutions to address this very thorny
problem.
Biometrics
from head
to foot
very sensitive sites that are now fitted
with effective ID systems. Biometrics
may also be used in consumeroriented
applications where the stakes
are not quite so high, namely logical
access control. For instance, a PDA
or mobile phone may use biometric
validation instead of the traditional
PIN.
Many other applications also call
on biometrics, from driver licenses
and payment terminals to border controls.
Biometric technologies have
proved to be very useful in protecting
citizens and safeguarding democracy,
although at the same time they have
been criticized for restricting individual
liberty (see the interview with
Anne Carblanc above). Biometrics
is quickly becoming indispensable in
today’s world, which is why its use must
be carefully controlled. “Our position
at Sagem Sécurité is to explain and
deliver the technical capabilities, so
that governments can make the right
choice,” concludes Bernard Didier. ■
D. baudier
safran magazine November 2007 _ safran magazine _ November 2007
Vie wpoint
Anne Carblanc*,
Principal Administrator at the OECD
Why is an
organization like the
OEC D interested in
biometrics?
Biometrics is
enjoying fast-paced
growth. But while
its main purpose is
to enhance citizens’
security, if used
dishonestly it may
also entail certain
risks in relation to the
protection of people’s
lives and personal
data.
What specific risks
are you referring to?
Biometric data is not
like other data:
it doesn’t stop “living”
once the data is
collected. The data is
processed, stored and
possibly transmitted
over networks and
shared. So there is
a risk that biometric
data collected for one
purpose may be used
for another, or even
compromised. But if
there’s a problem, it’s
not like replacing an
ID card: we can’t get
a replacement eye or
finger!
What mechanisms
are generally applied
to prevent this type
of misuse?
The main protection
is legal. There are a
number of national
or European laws to
protect our personal
data. One of the major
principles applied
is transparency.
You can’t collect
information if the
person concerned is
not aware of the fact.
The purpose of the
data being collected
has to be explained,
as well as how the
information is to be
used. Any person for
whom biometric data
has been collected
must know who
holds the data, so
that they can request
corrections in case
of error. Another
major principle is
technical security:
biometric systems
must be secure to
prevent pirating,
expropriation or
misappropriation.
Over and above the
legal obligation, this
is also an essential
prerequisite for
mutual trust between
individuals and the
company that collects
the data.
* Principal Administrator at the
OECD, leader of the Information
Security and Private-Consumer
Policy working group, which
published a report on biometric
technologies in 2003.
©DR
Legal and ethical
aspects of biometrics
It seems that biometrics has always
been used for identification. In
the second century B.C., the
Chinese emperor Ts’In She was
already authenticating certain seals
with a fingerprint. This budding use
of biometrics was then forgotten, only
　
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