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MCDU Multifunctional control and display unit
METAR Aviation routine weather report
NM Nautical mile(s)
OFP Operational flight plan
OM-A Operations manual A
PAPI Precision approach path indicator
PF Pilot flying
PNF Pilot not flying
RNAV Area navigation
RNP Required navigation performance
RVR Runway visual range
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Airliner landing with low fuel at Helsinki-Vantaa airport on 3.10.2003
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SHK Accident Investigation Board, Sweden
SID Standard instrument departure
SW Significant weather
TAF Terminal area forecast
TMA Terminal control area
TOF Take off fuel
TOW Take off weight
UTC Co-ordinated universal time
VHF Very high frequency
VOR VHF Omni-directional radio range
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Airliner landing with low fuel at Helsinki-Vantaa airport on 3.10.2003
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SYNOPSIS
On Friday 3.10.2003 at 05.56 UTC (Co-ordinated universal time, the Finnish summer time -3h is
used in this investigation report) landed SK946, Airbus 330-300 with Danish registration OY-KBN,
operated by Scandinavian Airlines, in Helsinki-Vantaa airport with fuel less than the required final
reserve fuel.
The Helsinki ATC filled an incident report of the event.
The Accident Investigation Board (AIB) Finland decided on 6.10.2003 to conduct an investigation
and appointed airline pilot Jussi Haila as investigator-in-charge. Airline pilot/ air traffic controller
Antti Ruuth was appointed as member of the investigation commission.
AIB Finland informed HCL/Havari kommisionen for Civil Luftfart, Denmark and SHK/Statens
Haverikommission, Sweden of the investigation according to ICAO Annex 13. The Danish and
Swedish Investigation Boards nominated accredited representatives to participate in the investigation.
The members of flight crew of SK946 were interviewed by the investigators in Arlanda on
14.10.2003. The air traffic controllers of Helsinki ATC were interviewed by phone on 8.10.2003.
The representative of SHK Sweden provided the investigation commission with the statement of
the Arlanda ATC and radar plots of the approach and missed approach paths of the SK946.
The investigation commission sent the final draft of the investigation report for comments according
to the ICAO Annex 13 on 12.2.2004. The received comments are taken into account in
the final report.
The investigation was closed on 3.6.2004.

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Airliner landing with low fuel at Helsinki-Vantaa airport on 3.10.2003
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1 FACTUAL INFORMATION
1.1 History of the flight
1.1.1. Flight planning
The flight crew of Scandinavian Airlines flight SK946 from Chicago to Stockholm had a
pick-up from their hotel one hour and 45 minutes before the scheduled departure time.
The crew consisted of three pilots; a commander, a first officer and a relief pilot. The first
officer was in transition training to convert his Airbus A340 type rating also to A330.
The flight planning was done according to the airline normal procedures. The fuel calculations
were made by the commander and the first officer using the RODOS Planning
- Longhaul Aircraft-system stated in the Flight Operations Manual (FOM) of the airline.
The calculations were available in the form of Operational Flight Plan (OFP) printed at
17.41 UTC (co-ordinated universal time) when the scheduled departure time was 21.15.
The relief pilot prepared the ETOPS-charts (Extended Range Operations with Two-
Engined Aeroplanes).
The weather information used by the pilots on planning reported a good weather for the
departure airport Chicago O’Hare. For the destination airport Stockholm Arlanda there
was a forecast with temporarily fog and visibility 500 m in the morning between 06 and
07 UTC. The scheduled arrival time of the flight was 05.35 UTC.
There were the following calculations and markings in the OFP:
In the left column are the calculations printed in the OFP and on the right column the
markings made by the pilots.
ZFW (zero fuel weight) 161.2/ 162.8
TOF (take off fuel) 50.1/ 50.3
TOW (take off weight) 211.3/ 213.1
TRIP (trip fuel) 42.4/ 42.4
LW (landing weight) 168.9/ 170.7
There were the following reserve calculations in the OFP:
CONT FUEL 3: 1.3/0:16, COMP 0.0/0:00, ADD 0.0/0:00, FINAL RES 2.3/0:30
There were additional calculations:
ALTN WC ALTNFUEL FUEL 30 NM TOTFUEL/TIME
GOT/ESGG -30 4.1/0:46 7.0/FL280 50.8/ 8:58
The pilots had marked in the item XTRA FUEL 0.2/0:02 and in the item TOTFUEL/TIME
51.0/8:52. They had marked above the FUEL 30 (7.0) “MIN DIV 6.4”.
There were two additional alternate fuel calculations:
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Airliner landing with low fuel at Helsinki-Vantaa airport on 3.10.2003
　
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