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roads, it is not long before you arrive at the factory where
Ali works. Towering piles of scrap metal heaped in front of
a neighbouring plant stand as a monument
to the region’s steel sector.
Reeling off facts and figures, Ali
describes how things work at Yücel
Boru. “The factory is operated by three
shifts each 7.5 hours long. As head
union representative, I work the morning
shift,” explains Ali. The typical
working week is 45 hours over six days. Overtime depends
on the intensity of the work, which sometimes requires 12
hour days. Per month, the average wage at the factory is
850 million Turkish lira, which is approximately €450. The
highest wage is 1,300 million Turkish lira (€690) and the
lowest 460 million Turkish lira (€245).
Owned by a Turkish family company, Ali describes the
relationship with the employer as “good, but sometimes
can be tense”. He gives an example. As required by recent
changes to the law, a health and safety committee meets at
least once a month. This group identified a problem with
a chemical containing boria that is used on site. The union
found out about protective gloves that should be worn and
the company agreed to supply them. Now the workers are
seeking to increase the ventilation in the factory, hazy with
the fumes and smoke from the steel-rolling machinery. This
more challenging issue is yet to be resolved.
SOCIAL EVENTS
Ali works out of a union office on site. It is full of chairs
and the walls are covered with posters and photos. We
are reminded of the struggles that workers have faced
by a large photo of Kemal Türkler, the former president
of the metalworkers’ union. He was shot dead on July 22,
1980, shortly before the republic was
engulfed by its third military coup.
One of the notice boards features
photographs of social events, the factory’s
football team and young couples
on their wedding day. Ali explains that
getting married in Turkey can be a particularly
expensive time, so everyone
in the union contributes to a collection
Location: Southeastern Europe
Population: 71.3 million
Capital: Ankara
IMF affiliated unions: Birlesik Metal-Is, Celik-Is, Limter-
Is and Türkiye Dok, Gemi-Is
FACTS ABOUT TURKEY
Ali Gündüz
METAL WORLD 15 No 4 • 2004
fFeature
T U R K E Y
for the happy couple. With a chuckle, Ali tells the story of
his own wedding to his wife Suna. They first met in 1988
when Ali worked at another factory, his first job in the
steel industry. As the personnel manager at the site, it was
Suna who sacked him for his union activities. This, apparently,
was not enough to deter Ali and three years later
they married.
Ali speaks about his union, its history and the role it plays
in society with pride. Organising workers in Turkey is no
easy task. Although Turkey is a member of the International
Labour Organisation, which has ratified conventions 89 and
97, barriers to joining and forming a union remain. For example,
workers wanting to join or leave a trade union must have
this recorded by a lawyer and must pay for this service.
Turkish trade unions also face strict laws governing their
“competence”. To be recognised as a bargaining agent, a
union must represent more than half the employees in an
enterprise and ten per cent of all employees in the relevant
industrial sector. These limitations on competence are particularly
difficult when official figures are far from reality.
Discrepancies often arise between a union’s membership
figures and those of the government, which have been supplied,
often unchecked, by companies.
SUNDOWN
As the sun dips low on the horizon and long shadows fall
across the yard at Yücel Boru, buses wait to take many of
the day-shift workers back to their homes in the neighbouring
area. Others own their own cars and prefer to drive. A
huge line of trucks laden with steel work one-by-one pull
out of the factory’s main gate. Fifty per cent of the steel
products are sold to Turkey’s internal market. The other
50 per cent is exported to overseas markets, including UK,
Germany, France, East Asian countries, USA and Canada.
After work, Ali usually stops off at Birlesik’s branch office
in downtown Gebze. With 5,000 members in the region, the
local branch office provides an important resource. Members
attend union meetings and training seminars here, or
drop in to read the daily newspapers and exchange views
and information about what is going on in the world. Ali is
　
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