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than 5 hours may be instrument ground time; and
d) if the privileges of the licence are to be exercised at
night, 5 hours of night flight time including 5 take-offs
and landings as pilot-in-command.
2.4.5.1.3 Recommendation. — When the applicant has
flight time as a pilot of aircraft in other categories, the
Licensing Authority should determine whether such experience
is acceptable and, if so, the extent to which the flight time
requirements of 2.4.5.1.1 could be reduced accordingly.
2.4.5.2 Flight instruction
Recommendation.— The applicant should have received
dual instruction time in a powered-lift from an authorized
flight instructor. The instructor should ensure that the applicant
has operational experience in at least the following areas
to the level of performance required for the commercial pilot:
a) recognize and manage threats and errors;
Note.— Guidance material on the application of
threat and error management is found in the Procedures
for Air Navigation Services — Training (PANS-TRG,
Doc 9868), Chapter 3, Attachment C, and in Part II,
Chapter 2, of the Human Factors Training Manual
(Doc 9683).
b) pre-flight operations, including mass and balance
determination, powered-lift inspection and servicing;
c) aerodrome and traffic pattern operations, collision
avoidance precautions and procedures;
d) control of the powered-lift by external visual reference;
e) recovery at the incipient stage from settling with
power; recovery techniques from low-rotor rpm within
the normal range of engine rpm;
f) ground manoeuvring and run-ups; hover and rolling
take-offs and climb-out; hover and rolling approach
and landings — normal, out of wind and sloping
ground; steep approaches;
g) take-offs and landings with minimum necessary power;
maximum performance take-off and landing techniques;
restricted site operations; quick stops;
h) hovering out of ground effect; operations with external
load, if applicable; flight at high altitude;
i) basic flight manoeuvres and recovery from unusual
attitudes by reference solely to basic flight instruments;
j) cross-country flying using visual reference, dead reckoning
and, where available, radio navigation aids,
including a flight of at least one hour;
k) emergency operations, including simulated powered-lift
equipment malfunctions; power of reconversion to autorotation
and autorotative approach, where applicable;
transmission and interconnect driveshaft failure, where
applicable;
l) operations to, from and transiting controlled aerodromes,
compliance with air traffic services procedures;
and
m) communication procedures and phraseology.
Note.— The instrument experience specified in 2.4.5.1.2 c)
and 2.4.5.2 i) and the night flying experience and dual
Chapter 2 Annex 1 — Personnel Licensing
2-13 23/11/06
instruction specified in 2.4.5.1.2 d) and 2.4.2.2 do not entitle
the holder of a commercial pilot licence to pilot powered-lifts
under IFR.
2.4.6 Specific requirements for the issue of the
airship category rating
2.4.6.1 Experience
2.4.6.1.1 The applicant shall have completed not less
than 200 hours of flight time as a pilot.
2.4.6.1.1.1 The applicant shall have completed not less
than:
a) 50 hours as a pilot of airships;
b) 30 hours in airships as pilot-in-command or pilot-incommand
under supervision, to include not less than:
— 10 hours of cross-country flight time; and
— 10 hours of night flight;
c) 40 hours of instrument time, of which 20 hours shall
be in flight and 10 hours in flight in airships; and
d) 20 hours of flight training in airships in the areas of
operation listed in 2.4.6.2.
2.4.6.2 Flight instruction
The applicant shall have received dual instruction in airships
from an authorized flight instructor. The instructor shall ensure
that the applicant has operational experience in at least the
following areas to the level of performance required for the
commercial pilot:
a) recognize and manage threats and errors;
Note.— Guidance material on the application of
threat and error management is found in the Procedures
for Air Navigation Services — Training (PANS-TRG,
Doc 9868), Chapter 3, Attachment C, and in Part II,
Chapter 2, of the Human Factors Training Manual
(Doc 9683).
b) pre-flight operations, including mass and balance
determination, airship inspection and servicing;
c) aerodrome and traffic pattern operations, collision
avoidance precautions and procedures;
d) techniques and procedures for the take-off, including
　
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